蓄水条件下某水电工程坝址区变形体变形 与稳定性研究

库岸边坡在蓄水后的变形和稳定问题一直是水电工程的主要问题, 尤其是坝址区库岸边坡稳定性对水电工程 的正常运营起着至关重要的控制作用。针对黄河上游某水电站库岸一变形体边坡, 在对该变形体边坡基本特征分 析的基础上, 采用数值计算的手段, 对黄河上游某水电站坝址区变形体在自然及蓄水条件下稳定性进行对比分析。 结果表明: 蓄水后变形体边坡的变形具有明显的分区特征, 且坡体的变形受影响较大。同时, 利用强度折减法对变 形体的稳定性系数进行了计算, 变形体的稳定性较好, 考虑到坡体局部稳定性较差, 可能会产生局部失稳破坏, 因 此, 需采取支护措施保证该处坝址区变形体在运营期间的长期稳定性。     

Effect of steel microfibers on corrosion of steel reinforcing bars

Steel microfiber reinforcement was previously found to be successful in mitigating alkali silica reaction in concrete, an expansive phenomenon. The use of steel microfibers to mitigate rebar corrosion, another expansive reaction, was investigated. Mortar specimens with and without steel microfiber reinforcement were exposed to a corrosive environment. All specimens were prepared with water/cement ratios of both 0.40 and 0.55, cured for 28 days, and then submerged in aerated 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion behavior of the specimens was monitored via electrochemical measurements. Three types of electrochemical tests were performed: corrosion potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Chloride concentration measurements and microscopic analysis were performed as well. The polarization curves, Tafel, and polarization resistance measurements indicate that the steel rebar in the microfiber-reinforced mortars are more resistant to corrosion than the rebar in the control mortars, despite higher chloride concentrations. Furthermore, the steel microfiber-reinforced cement based materials have a lower electrolytic resistance. This is not indicative of a higher corrosion rate, which would be the case if it had been observed in standard mortar specimens.     

节理岩质边坡破坏过程的PFC2D数值模拟分析

边坡破坏后的运动过程及运动距离预测可以为灾害危险性区划、风险评估等提供定量分析依据,可以为灾后重建规划以及地震区工程建设提供指导.节理岩质边坡的破坏和其后的运动过程非常复杂,没有理论方法可以对这一过程进行合理的描述,而数值模拟方法是研究这一问题的有效途径.采用颗粒流程序PFC2D对节理岩质边坡的破坏和运动过程进行了研究,分析了关键参数对结果的影响,得出了破坏后的堆积形状和最终的运动距离.研究结果表明,颗粒流程序不但可以描述岩石等连续介质,而且可以描述节理岩体以及碎屑等不连续介质,是研究岩质边坡破坏运动的有效方法.     

滚筒式露天采矿机在某露天矿的应用预评价

滚筒式露天采矿机以其卓越的挖掘性能,避免了传统采矿工艺中的穿孔、爆破、粗碎等工作,也可以避免爆破震动对露天边坡造成的次生危害;其超强的选采分采性能,可以实现精细化采矿,极大地降低矿石的损失贫化管理难度。根据实际地质条件、采矿工艺及矿体赋存条件,预评价该设备在某露天矿应有广阔的应用前景。     

Finite element limit analysis of load-bearing performance of reinforced slopes using a non-associated flow rule

This paper presents a numerical study on the load-bearing performance of reinforced slopes under footing load using a finite element limit analysis (FELA) method where a non-associated flow rule is assumed in the analysis. The method was validated against results from full-scale model tests and a limit equilibrium (LE) analytical method. A series of parametric analyses was subsequently carried out to examine the influences that the soil dilation angle, footing location, and reinforcement design (i.e. length, tensile strength, and vertical spacing) could have on the load-bearing performance of reinforced slopes. Results indicate that dilation angle has a significant influence on the predicted magnitudes of bearing capacity, slope deformation, and mobilized reinforcement load. The predicted values of bearing capacity using the FELA are smaller than those from the Meyerhof's analytical method for unreinforced semi-infinite foundation, especially for larger friction angle values. Additionally, the ultimate bearing capacity of the slope and its corresponding horizontal deformation increase with the reinforcement tensile strength. Finally, the slip planes under the applied footing load are found to be y-shaped and primarily occur in the upper half of the slope.     

Required strength of geosynthetics in a reinforced slope with tensile strength cut-off subjected to seepage effects

The Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) yield criterion is found to overestimate the tensile strength of cohesive soils. By introducing the concept of tensile strength cut-off, the M-C criterion is modified to reduce or eliminate the tensile strength from the criterion. In this study, a new approach is proposed to investigate the stability of geosynthetic-reinforced slopes in cohesive soils subjected to seepage effects by means of the kinematic approach of limit analysis. The distribution of pore-water pressure is obtained using the numerical modeling software package, FLAC3D. A kinematically admissible failure mechanism is discretized to incorporate the results from the numerical simulation. The strength of geosynthetics required for maintaining the slope stability is evaluated from the work-energy balance equation. An optimization routine is used to seek out the maximum value among all possible results. Design charts providing the normalized required reinforcement under different parameters are plotted for a parametric study and convenient use in engineering. The obtained results show that less reinforcement is required in the presence of soil cohesion, and that the inclusion of the effect of tensile strength cut-off leads to a more conservative solution, which is more obvious in the presence of seepage effects.     

矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理技术

以桐柏县城郊乡方家寨片石厂大理岩矿为例,分析了主要矿山地质环境问题,研究区地质景观严重破坏,易引发崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害;采石均为露天开采,石沫乱放,滥采乱挖,造成了土地压占破坏、植被破坏、景观破坏等资源毁损严重。基于此,提出了矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理技术,矿区划分为采坑治理区,高陡边坡治理区、石沫渣土治理区,采坑治理区主要包括坑底平整、覆土和生物绿化,高陡边坡治理区主要考虑治理总体布局,并结合原始的地形地貌特征,进行整治,布置包括残山开挖与边坡整理、覆土绿化和砌筑挡土墙等,2处石沫渣土堆治理区主要采取清运进行整治,其中西南部渣土堆和南部边坡上的弃土可作为本次治理的覆土土源。研究可以促进生态系统的良性循环,促进当地经济发展与环境协调发展,环境效益潜力巨大。     

浅谈矿山建筑基础设计

通过实例,依据建筑的基础和动力设备基础具有的特性,介绍了山区矿山的建筑基础设计,并对嵌岩桩的嵌岩深度问题进行了分析。     

变坝坡赤泥库漫顶溃坝模型试验研究

赤泥是氧化铝厂生产排放的一种性质独特的弃渣,因颗粒极细,赤泥库一旦溃坝,具有特殊的规律。本文以某赤泥库及下游沟道为整体研究对象,采用尾矿库物理模型试验方法,对赤泥尾矿库漫顶溃坝的发展过程及其机理进行分析。其结果表明:赤泥尾矿库溃坝发展规律比较复杂,在过程上可划分为洪峰前段、洪峰段及洪峰后段,且每阶段都有接近动态平衡的趋势;较大的坝坡变化使坝面空间上存在冲淤分区现象。最后,推导了赤泥流在下游沟道内演进的最大淹没高度计算公式,并利用模型试验资料对该公式进行了检验。     

Electrokinetic geosynthetics in hydraulic applications

In use most geosynthetics play a passive role. New applications for geosynthetics have been identified if they can provide an active role, initiating biological, chemical or physical change to the matrix in which it is installed as well as providing the established functions. This can be achieved by combining the electrokinetic phenomena of electro-osmosis, electrophoresis and associated electrokinetic functions such as electrolysis with the traditional functions of geosynthetics of drainage, filtration, containment and reinforcement to form electokinetic geosynthetics (EKG). Electrokinetic geosynthetics can be made singly or from combinations of woven, non-woven, needle punched knitted, extruded or laminated materials and can be formed in any 2D or 3D shape.The majority of the uses of EKG are in hydraulic applications or applications with a significant hydraulic component. These can be grouped in separate engineering categories such as civil, mining, and water engineering. The concept of electrokinetic geosynthetics is described and details of applications and case studies are provided in the paper.