水溶液辐射分解产物对金属材料腐蚀的影响

实验研究了水辐射分解作用对高放废物深地质处置容器材料的影响。在高放废物深地质处置库附近的地下水,受辐射线作用后分解出氧、氢和氧化产物(例如H_2O_2等),于是在高放废物容器周围形成一个氧化场,导致高放废物中的某些重要放射性核素(例如U,Np和Tc)易溶于水,并向远域迁移。本实验中的含FeSO_4(0.13 mol/L)水溶液在吸收剂量为0、20、60、180、500kGy的射线作用下,其氧化还原电位(Eh)值由+357mV增至+414 mV;在不同吸收剂量的射线作用下,金属Cu、金属Al、0.357 mv金属Fe和不锈钢(后者是我国拟采用的高放废物包装容器材料),在水溶液中的氧化侵蚀强度,分别比在无辐射情况下的大0.2-6.1倍。     

Yield of OH radicals in water under heavy ion irradiation. Dependence on mass, specific energy, and elapsed time

Dependence of yields of OH （hydroxyl） radicals on the mass and specific energy of heavy ions and elapsed time after irradiation was investigated, to understand chemical reactions of aqueous solutions. The yields of irradiation products of phenol, super-linearly increased with the incident energy of He, C, and Ne ions ranging from 2 to 18 MeV/u. The yields of the OH radicals were estimated by analyzing the yields of the irradiation products of phenol. The yields of the OH radicals increased with the specific energy for each ion, but decreased both with the mass of each ion at the same specific energy and elapsed time after irradiation.     

Theoretical calculation and experimental studies of rare tricyclic nucleoside derivative

N-4-desmethylwyosine (dYt), a derivative of rare tricyclic nucleosides is probably a new member of Y-nucleosides found in tRNA . The structure of dYt has tricyclic ring with rigid conformation and high electron delocalization. Both the absorption and emission bands of dYt are well separated from normal bases, so it could probably be used as an effective natural fluorescent probe to study RNA structure and sequence.     

A study of radiation induced reactions in super critical water

It is known that water exists in supercritical state above 374℃ and 22.1MPa, where gas phase and liquid phase are merged into a single phase. In the supercritical state, the density is controllable by changing the pressure. The properties such as the ionic product, solubilities of salts, gas and organic compounds, and dielectric constant of supercritical water are very different from those of water at room temperature.     

五氯苯酚水溶液的γ辐解

研究了中性（ｐＨ６．９）和碱性（ｐＨ１１）五氯苯酚水溶液的γ辐解，分别测定了当五氯苯酚水溶液用空气，氮气和笑气饱和时，氯离子的产额Ｇ。用气质联用的方法初步了五氯苯酚水溶液的辐解产物，它们有四氯苯酚，三氯苯酚和四氯二苯酚等。初步探讨了五氯苯酚水溶液的辐解机理。     

氨水溶液在γ场中的稳态辐射分解行为研究

含氨冷却剂被应用于压水堆中,可以清除冷却剂辐射分解产生的O₂、H₂O₂等氧化性产物,从而减轻结构材料腐蚀。本文研究了氨水在γ辐射场中的辐射分解行为,考察氨浓度、辐射吸收剂量和吸收剂量率、气液体积比和不同饱和气体对氨水辐射分解行为的影响,重点关注辐射分解产物H₂O₂和NO₂-的浓度变化。结果表明,随着体系中氨浓度的增加,H₂O₂的浓度受到明显抑制,NO₂-的浓度则呈现出上升趋势;吸收剂量的增加使得H₂O₂浓度明显升高,NO₂-的浓度则在吸收剂量为8 kGy时达到最大(>100μmol/L),而后降低;吸收剂量率的差异(2.78～25 Gy/min)并未导致H₂O₂和NO₂-浓度产生明显变化;氨水中的O₂是NO₂     

日本成功观测到高温水与超临界水的辐射分解现象

<正>【日本原子能研究开发机构网站2010年1月28日报道】在日本原子能研究开发机构(JAEA)、东京大学和法国巴黎南大学的一个联合研究项目中,通过运用短脉冲宽度照射的脉冲辐射分解技术,成功观测到了皮秒时间范围内发生的从室温到超临界状态水的辐射分解现象,这在世界上尚属首次。     

Challenges in spent nuclear fuel final disposal： conceptual design models

The disposal of spent nuclear fuel is a long-standing issue in nuclear technology. Mainly, UO2 and metallic U are used as a fuel in nuclear reactors. Spent nuclear fuel contains fission products and transuranium elements, which would remain radioactive for 104 to 108 years. In this brief communication, essential concepts and engineering elements related to high-level nuclear waste disposal are described. Conceptual design models are described and discussed considering the long-time scale activity of spent nuclear fuel or high level waste. Notions of physical and chemical barriers to contain nuclear waste are highlightened. Concerns regarding integrity, self-irradiation induced decomposition and thermal effects of decay heat on the spent nuclear fuel are also discussed. The question of retrievability of spent nuclear fuel after disposal is considered.     

Analyses of organics in irradiated aqueous N, N-diettiyihydroxylamine solution

The organics in γ-ray irradiated aqueous N, N-diethylhydroxylamine （DEHA） solution, which is used as a reducing agent in reprocessing spent nuclear fuel, were analyzed with gas chromatography equipped with FFAP capii- lary colunm and flame-ionization detector. It was found that irradiated DEHA solutions contained acetaldehyde, ethanol, and acetic acid. For DEHA of 0.2 mol/L irradiated to 10-1000 kGy, the concents of acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetic acid are （9.7-18.7）×10^3, （0.4-23.4）×10^3 and （6.5-11.7）×10^3 mol/L, respectively. The concentration of DEHA decreases obviously with the dose.