用αβ谱仪测量人工αβ放射性气溶胶体积活度的试验研究

本文介绍了用αβ谱仪系统同时测量αβ谱、实现Ｒｎ／Ｔｈ子体补偿、确定超铀α核素气溶胶体积活度及人工放射性气溶胶总β体积活度的技术途径。利用ＲａＡ、ＲａＣ′ａ峰的二段时间计数可确定空气中ＲａＡ、ＲａＢ、ＲａＣ的气溶胶体积活度，相应的，也能给出ＲａＢ、ＲａＣ对总β计数的贡献。根据一般环境条件下的平衡比，用ＴｈＣ′的。计数修正Ｔｈ子体对αβ测量的影响。￣［２３９］ｐｕ或／和￣［２４１］Ａｍ人工核素的α计数，可通过两段时间分别扣除ＲａＡ、ＲａＣ′拖尾的方法确定；β计数分别扣除Ｒｎ／Ｔｈ子体β贡献即可确定。在本文规定的测量条件下，对室内天然Ｒｎ子体水平在１５Ｂｑ／ｍ￣３以下，超铀α核素气溶胶体积活度的测量下限可达到０．１Ｂｑ／ｍ￣３；即使在７５Ｂｑ／ｍ￣３环境下，人工核素总β的测量下限也可达ｌＢｑ／ｍ￣３以下。     

Non-polar nuclei in fungal microbial RNases

An application of a previously proposed method for the analysisof the non-polar structure of proteins is presented. A detailedanalysis of the composition and properties of non-polar nucleiand microclusters of fungal microbial ribonucleases has beenperformed on the basis of the 3-D structures of RNase T1 andrelated proteins. Three hydrophobic nuclei were found in thesestructures. It has been shown that all residues in non-polarnuclei have high homology ({small tilde}89%). Residues in thenuclei are practically fully buried in the interior of a molecule.Detailed analysis of non-polar nuclei properties shows thatthese nuclei determine the hydrophobic core of a protein andthe location and role of each residue in the non-polar interiorof proteins. In addition it was found that there are variableresidues not only on the surface of a protein but on the surfaceof the nuclei inside the protein and between the nuclei andthat there is a consistent region in all proteins, the hydrophobic-nuclei. An evaluation of the stability of non-polar nuclei,the conservation of their compositions and their positions inthe protein globule, allows one to assume that these three nucleiplay an important functional role in the stability and foldingof molecules of RNases and possibly can be considered as independentstructural elements of 3-D structures of these proteins.     

Eu(Ⅲ)和Am(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附行为

通过静态法研究了Am(Ⅲ)和Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附行为,主要包括吸附平衡时间、固液比、pH值、离子强度以及富里酸(FA)等因素对吸附的影响.实验结果表明,Am(Ⅲ)和Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附具有相似的pH吸附曲线,pH值的变化对吸附的影响较大,吸附率在pH=2~5时出现剧增;在其他条件相同时,KNO3离子强度从0.01 mol/L增大到0.1 mol/L,吸附率随着离子强度的增大而减小.通过对比实验发现,FA对Am(Ⅲ)和Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7上的吸附具有促进作用.Am(Ⅲ)和Eu(Ⅲ)在Th4(PO4)4P2O7表面可能形成了表面络合物.吸附剂的表面特征及其吸附机理研究是进一步深入研究的重点.     

不同酸度降水对某铀矿废石中铀、钍核素的释放迁移

以南方某铀尾矿石为研究对象,探究pH、粒径、浸泡时间等因素对尾矿中铀、钍放射性元素释放的影响。将待测铀尾矿样分为-0.45mm、0.45～8mm、+8mm三个粒度区间,设置三组pH分别为4.0、5.0、6.0的淋浸液,连续浸泡42d。结果表明:三组粒度,在相同试验条件下,钍元素比铀元素更难从尾矿中酸泡浸出,其中粒度越小的尾矿,放射性元素(U、Th)的释放量越大。粒度-0.45mm组中,U和Th最大释放量分别为8.42mg/L和0.151mg/L。     

细菌柱浸铀矿工艺过程中钍浸出特征试验研究

以721铀矿云际矿石为研究对象,通过室内铀矿石柱浸试验,研究铀矿石在细菌池浸过程中钍浸出特征。试验结果表明,柱浸过程中,水文地球化学条件(pH和Eh)对钍浸出影响不大,随着时间变化,pH值在1.73¹.36发生变化,Eh值在1691.36发生变化,Eh值在169⁵92mV变化,但钍浸出量基本稳定在2.2592mV变化,但钍浸出量基本稳定在2.2².5mg/L。同时试验结果发现,原矿铀浸出率为80.03%,钍浸出率仅约为14.1%,主要原因是U、Th的化学性质不同,Th均以+4价稳定存在于矿石中,一般不易被溶解而迁移转化。U具有多种价态,在氧化条件下显示+6价,而这种价态的U性质活泼,易于在环境中迁移转化。     

提高浮选回收率的试验研究与生产实践

通过对影响磨矿、浮选作业的主要工艺因素进行探讨,确定了适合性质发生变化的矿石的工艺条件,在确保精矿质量的前提下,达到了大幅提高浮选回收率的目的,取得了很好的经济效益。     

Immunomodulatory Activity of Recombinant Ricin Toxin Binding Subunit B (RTB)

Ricin toxin binding subunit B (RTB) is one of the subunits of the ricin protein. RTB has been used as adjuvant, but little is known about its mechanism. In this study, we found that RTB increased not only nitric oxide (NO) release, but also tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. They subsequently exhibited enhanced ConA-induced T-cell and LPS-induced B-cell proliferative responses. We also examined the cytokines that were produced from splenocytes following in vitro RTB administration. Increased levels of IL-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α were observed, while IL-4 and IL-5 were unaffected. These results demonstrate that recombinant RTB can act on the immune system and activate T-cells by introducing a Th1 immune response. Th1 cells might be the primary cellular target affected by RTB. Our results suggest that the recombinant RTB can promote the activation of macrophages and has a beneficial effect on immunomodulatory activity.