Fibre backbone for cable TV using multi-channel am video trunking

This paper updates a scenario for the evolutionary integration of optical fibre transmission technology into existing cable television networks first presented in 1988. The resulting ‘fibre backbone’ yields a hybrid fibre/coaxial network with significantly better reliability and transmission quality than present systems. System and electro-optical component advances in the last year are reviewed, and the merits of various modulation techniques are examined. The fibre backbone approach emphasizes continuing the broadband delivery of a large number of video signals to the consumer.     

On the improvement of detection characteristics of trans-stilbene crystals by improving crystal perfection

Organic molecular scintillating crystals are noted for their good timing and particle discrimination process. Trans-stilbene is one such candidate noted for its good particle detection characteristics for the past five decades. Progressive strengthening of detection characteristics of trans-stilbene has been attempted by improving crystal perfection. A series of timing resolution studies have been carried out for the Bridgman grown trans-stilbene crystals under different experimental conditions. The results were compared with the previously reported values. Pulse shape discrimination process has been carried out for ²⁴¹Am and ²⁵²Cf sources and good discrimination has been obtained for gamma-alpha and gamma-neutron sources from the grown organic phosphor crystal. Electronic Publication     

Analysis of the El Niño Effect on the Discharge of Selected Rivers in the Asia-Pacific Region

Abstract

Discharge records originating from 78 rivers within the Asia-Pacific region are used to assess a possible relationship between a temporal El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index and regional discharges of rivers. The rivers selected have long monthly discharge series and are geographically distributed throughout the whole region. Analyses of variance are used to identify the sub-regions most teleconnected to the ENSO signal. Composite analyses show the temporal patterns of the relationships between river discharge and the ENSO signal and the possible presence of a time lagged relationship. The analyses show that the rivers of the Oceania-Pacific region are the most affected and that a majority of rivers show a similar temporal pattern, thus allowing the construction of a regional composite streamflow index. The temporal patterns of the identified relationships demonstrate the possibility of forecasting the occurrence of abnormally high or low flows (floods/droughts) months ahead of time.     

The choice of gamma spectrometer for determining the content of 241Am

An express-estimation algorithm for determining the minimum detectable activity of ²⁴¹Am is developed. Semiconductor spectrometers manufactured by the ORTEC Company (USA) and scintillation spectrometers manufactured by the Atomtekh Company (Belarus) are compared. It is proposed to use the results to estimate the suitability of the existing inventory of measuring instruments for the radiation monitoring of territory contaminated by ²⁴¹Am. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 62–66, September, 2006.     

237Np,238Pu,241Am和90Sr在中国和日本膨润土中迁移的野外试验

从1997年6月25日到2000年7月11日在中国辐射防护研究院试验场，在天然降雨和人工喷淋（15mm/d）两种条件下，在包气带黄土中进行了²³⁷Np,²³⁸Pu,²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr在中国膨润土和日本膨润土中迁移的野外试验。试块由膨润土和砂子以质量比为15∶85组成，试块大小为150mm×150mm。试验结果表明，在两种条件下，核素在两种膨润土试块中分布状态和变化趋势相似，²³⁸Pu和²⁴¹Am在3a内没有明显移动，²³⁷Np和⁹⁰Sr在天然降雨条件下，分布曲线有所展宽；在人工喷淋条件下经1106d后，²³⁷Np和⁹⁰Sr在试块内分别向下迁移15mm和20mm，呈现出扩散为主的迁移。     

假丝酵母吸附241Am的研究

研究了假丝酵母吸附^241Am的行为及各种实验条件对吸附的影响。结果表明：假丝酵母吸附”Am的最适酸度为pH=2，吸附反应在4h左右达到平衡，反应温度在15-45℃之间对吸附影响不大。溶液中1500倍的Au^3 和4500倍的Ag^ 存在对假丝酵母吸附^241Am无明显影响。在^241Am起始体积活度C0为5．6—111MBq/L(质量浓度44．3—877．2μg/L)的溶液中，加入干假丝酵母0．82g/L，对^241Am的吸附率可达97．8％，吸附量w可达63．5MBq／g(501．8μg/g)，表明假丝酵母处理^241Am放射性废液是可行的，其生物吸附过程可由Langmuir吸附等温式来描述。     

Measurements of gamma-ray emission probabilities of 241, 243Am and 239Np

Gamma-ray emission probabilities of ^{241, 243}Am and ²³⁹Np have been precisely measured with gamma- and alpha-ray spectroscopic methods. The activities of the samples were determined by measuring alpha particles using a Si semiconductor detector. Gamma rays emitted from the samples were measured with a planar type High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. An efficiency curve of the HPGe detector was derived with uncertainties from 0.7% to 2.5% by combining measured efficiencies and Monte Carlo simulation. The gamma-ray emission probabilities for the major gamma rays of these nuclides were determined with uncertainties less than 1.2%.     

TMS320VC5410分页烧写 Flash的多页程序并行自举

以TMS320VC5410为例,介绍对Am29LV200BFlash存储器进行程序分页烧写以及上电后多页用户程序并行自举的方法。对多页Flash存储器的烧写,须在烧写过程中对已烧写的数据长度进行动态判断,当达到预定烧写长度后对Flash进行换页,然后继续烧写,重复上述换页过程,直到程序烧写完为止。对多页程序的并行自举,在系统上电后,利用T1提供的自举程序,将一个用户自己编写的前导程序载入DSP,利用该前导程序将多页程序载入DSP来实现程序的自举。此方法适用于多种Flash芯片和C5000系列DSP。     

我国环境土壤中的重要超铀核素分布

Pu、Am、Np是3种重要的超铀核素,环境中的这些核素主要来源于人类的核活动,包括大气层核武器试验、核设施排放和核事故释放等。这些超铀核素不仅具有放射性,还兼具化学毒性。我国地域辽阔,环境土壤类型丰富,在当前核电事业蓬勃发展的背景下,建立和扩大我国环境土壤中这些重要超铀核素的“准本底”数据库是辐射环境安全评价的重要组成部分,也是公众关心的热点问题。近30多年来,研究人员对我国不同环境土壤中这几种超铀核素从不同科学角度开展了调查测量研究。本文对此进行整理和分析,对我国环境土壤中这些重要超铀核素（主要是Pu核素,还包括241Am和237Np）的来源、浓度水平和分布特征进行讨论和综述,为辐射环境安全评价奠定基础。     

First nuclear transmutation of 237Np and 241Am by accelerator-driven system at Kyoto University Critical Assembly

This study demonstrates, for the first time, the principle of nuclear transmutation of minor actinide (MA) by the accelerator-driven system (ADS) through the injection of high-energy neutrons into the subcritical core at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly. The main objective of the experiments is to confirm fission reactions of neptunium-237 (²³⁷Np) and americium-241 (²⁴¹Am), and capture reactions of ²³⁷Np. Subcritical irradiation of ²³⁷Np and ²⁴¹Am foils is conducted in a hard spectrum core with the use of the back-to-back fission chamber that obtains simultaneously two signals from specially installed test (²³⁷Np or ²⁴¹Am) and reference (uranium-235) foils. The first nuclear transmutation of ²³⁷Np and ²⁴¹Am by ADS soundly implemented by combining the subcritical core and the 100 MeV proton accelerator, and the use of a lead-bismuth target, is conclusively demonstrated through the experimental results of fission and capture reaction events.