Why does language matter to artificial intelligence?

Artificial intelligence, conceived either as an attempt to provide models of human cognition or as the development of programs able to perform intelligent tasks, is primarily interested in theuses of language. It should be concerned, therefore, withpragmatics. But its concern with pragmatics should not be restricted to the narrow, traditional conception of pragmatics as the theory of communication (or of the social uses of language). In addition to that, AI should take into account also the mental uses of language (in reasoning, for example) and the existential dimensions of language as a determiner of the world we (and our computers) live in. In this paper, the relevance of these three branches of pragmatics-sociopragmatics, psychopragmatics, and ontopragmatics-for AI are explored.     

人工智能实验教学探讨

本文一方面简单介绍人工智能的基本理论及知识体系结构,另一方面则结合笔者的理论实践与实验教学经验,总结出目前在整个教学过程所存在的一些问题,目的在于不断总结经验,力争能更好地完成人工智能的整个教学工作,从而提高人才培养的质量,同时也可以为其他高校提供参考。     

Some Empirical Criteria for Attributing Creativity to a Computer Program

Over recent decades there has been a growing interest in the question of whether computer programs are capable of genuinely creative activity. Although this notion can be explored as a purely philosophical debate, an alternative perspective is to consider what aspects of the behaviour of a program might be noted or measured in order to arrive at an empirically supported judgement that creativity has occurred. We sketch out, in general abstract terms, what goes on when a potentially creative program is constructed and run, and list some of the relationships (for example, between input and output) which might contribute to a decision about creativity. Specifically, we list a number of criteria which might indicate interesting properties of a program’s behaviour, from the perspective of possible creativity. We go on to review some ways in which these criteria have been applied to actual implementations, and some possible improvements to this way of assessing creativity.

Systematic Review: Drug Repositioning for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG)

Advances in research have boosted therapy development for congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of rare genetic disorders affecting protein and lipid glycosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis. The (re)use of known drugs for novel medical purposes, known as drug repositioning, is growing for both common and rare disorders. The latest innovation concerns the rational search for repositioned molecules which also benefits from artificial intelligence (AI). Compared to traditional methods, drug repositioning accelerates the overall drug discovery process while saving costs. This is particularly valuable for rare diseases. AI tools have proven their worth in diagnosis, in disease classification and characterization, and ultimately in therapy discovery in rare diseases. The availability of biomarkers and reliable disease models is critical for research and development of new drugs, especially for rare and heterogeneous diseases such as CDG. This work reviews the literature related to repositioned drugs for CDG, discovered by serendipity or through a systemic approach. Recent advances in biomarkers and disease models are also outlined as well as stakeholders’ views on AI for therapy discovery in CDG.     

一种基于网络的实时限速牌识别算法

针对现有关于车载限速牌识别算法所存在的检测速度慢、准确率低、无法应用于嵌入式系统等问题,提出了一种基于网络的实时限速牌识别算法。该算法基于SSD_MobileNet_v1网络框架进行改进,对原来的网络进行架构裁剪以去除冗余结构;同时引入了特征金字塔网络结构,并使用focal loss作为网络训练的分类损失。实验表明,提出的识别算法准确率可达88.11%,虽然略低于目前主流目标检测算法的检测精度,但是网络的每秒帧率(Frame per Second,FPS)可以达到35.13,拥有较快的检测速度,而权重文件只有24 MB 。因此,与其他算法相比,该算法不仅适合小型的嵌入式人工智能（Artifical Intelligence,AI）设备,而且更贴近真实车载场景下的识别。     

人工智能技术研发实践与产品规划战略思考

人工智能技术在各个行业的应用均体现出爆发趋势,但是AI技术的性能局限同时约束着相关产品的应用场景。在感知方面,识别算法的准确率无法达到100%,召回率更低;在认知方面,知识难以100%覆盖业务场景,因此如何开展商业化应用就需要精心规划。本文首先介绍几项AI产品研发应用,并总结相关的经验和问题。在此基础上,按照面向任务关键应用(MCA)和非任务关键应用(NMCA)2个维度,针对4个应用类型(决策支持与增强、智能代理、决策自动化、智慧产品),围绕3类商业价值和2类应用假设,分析AI类应用产品的战略规划决策要素,为AI应用领域决策者提供帮助。     

5G+AI在泛家庭领域的技术与应用

当前正处于科技改变家居生活的风口,运营商、传统家电企业和互联网企业纷纷入局,将新兴技术与家居生活深度融合,衍生出多个家庭应用场景。本文通过研究家居生活智能化需求,结合新兴技术发展趋势,提出5G及人工智能在泛家庭领域的7大应用场景,打造智慧家庭新体验。     

利用6σ手段降低PIP制程的不良率

在PIP制程中,影响产品的最终质量涉及到的因素有很多。文章简单介绍了PIP制程的定义,详细阐述了PIP制程中影响产品不良的因素种类,分析了每一种因素产生的原因及预防措施,并针对这些因素采取6西格玛先进管理方法中的相应对策来分析和解决问题。同时列举了实例,针对主要不良因素加以改善来降低产品的不良率,从而保证产品的质量以获取更大的经济效益。     

速度拖引干扰和杂波背景下脉冲多普勒雷达目标跟踪算法

针对在速度拖引干扰和杂波背景下脉冲多普勒(PD)雷达无法精确跟踪目标的问题,该文提出基于双模型(DM)和幅度信息(AI)的目标跟踪算法。分别建立基于位置、幅度量测的跟踪模型和基于位置、速度、幅度量测的跟踪模型。两个模型均使用基于幅度信息的概率数据互联(AI-PDA)尽可能地降低杂波的影响,然后使用常规方法进行滤波估计。若没有速度拖引干扰,则两个模型估计具有位置和速度上的相关性;若存在干扰,由于速度量测是虚假的,则两个模型估计不具有相关性。据此,进行卡方检验(chi-square test),分析影响检验结果的因素,进而确定最终的估计结果。仿真验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于本体和规则的扬弹机故障诊断研究

通过对OWL(Web Ontology Language,OWL)本体和SWRL规则语言进行研究,将基于本体和规则的知识表示和智能推理技术应用到舰船扬弹机的故障诊断中。构建了舰船扬弹机的OWL本体及相关的故障诊断SWRL(Semantic Web Rule Language,SWRC)规则,在此基础上开发出一个故障诊断的系统,并实现了诊断推理过程。该系统能帮助设备维护员快速定位故障发生原因,并提供可选用排除故障的基本措施。