New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Systemic Mastocytosis

Mastocytosis is a type of myeloid neoplasm characterized by the clonal, neoplastic proliferation of morphologically and immunophenotypically abnormal mast cells that infiltrate one or more organ systems. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a more aggressive variant of mastocytosis with extracutaneous involvement, which might be associated with multi-organ dysfunction or failure and shortened survival. Over 80% of patients with SM carry the KIT D816V mutation. However, the KIT D816V mutation serves as a weak oncogene and appears to be a late event in the pathogenesis of mastocytosis. The management of SM is highly individualized and was largely palliative for patients without a targeted form of therapy in past decades. Targeted therapy with midostaurin, a multiple kinase inhibitor that inhibits KIT, has demonstrated efficacy in patients with advanced SM. This led to the recent approval of midostaurin by the United States Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. However, the overall survival of patients treated with midostaurin remains unsatisfactory. The identification of genetic and epigenetic alterations and understanding their interactions and the molecular mechanisms involved in mastocytosis is necessary to develop rationally targeted therapeutic strategies. This review briefly summarizes recent developments in the understanding of SM pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies for patients with SM.     

Context-free grammars to detect straight segments and a novel polygonal approximation method

A new method for the polygonal approximation is presented. The method is based on the search for break points through a context-free grammar, that accepts digital straight segments with loss of information, as well as the decrease in the error committed employing the comparison of a tolerable error. We present an application of our method to different sets of objects widely used, as well as a comparison of our results with the best results reported in the literature, proving that our method achieves better values of error criteria. Besides, a new way to find polygonal approximations, with context-free grammars to recognize digital straight segments without loss of pixels, it is also addressed.     

Some Molecular and Cellular Stress Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases and Atherosclerosis

Chronic stress is a combination of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body to the influence of various adverse stress factors which disrupt its homeostasis, and it is also a corresponding state of the organism’s nervous system (or the body in general). We hypothesized that chronic stress may be one of the causes occurence of several molecular and cellular types of stress. We analyzed literary sources and considered most of these types of stress in our review article. We examined genes and mutations of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and also molecular variants which lead to various types of stress. The end result of chronic stress can be metabolic disturbance in humans and animals, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, energy deficiency in cells (due to a decrease in ATP synthesis) and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes can last for the lifetime and lead to severe pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. The analysis of literature allowed us to conclude that under the influence of chronic stress, metabolism in the human body can be disrupted, mutations of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and dysfunction of cells and their compartments can occur. As a result of these processes, oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular stress can occur. Therefore, chronic stress can be one of the causes forthe occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. In particular, chronic stress can play a large role in the occurrence and development of oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular types of stress.     

An Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Optimization Problems of Computer Communication Networks

1　IntroductionIndesigningacomputercommunicationnet work ,thenetworkaveragedelayisanimportantpa rameterinthenetworkperformance .Inthispaper,weonlyconsiderM /M/1networks,whichmeansthatthemessageprocessingtimeisaprobabilisticdensityfunctionwithnegativepower,thegroupar rivalandsendingisofPoissiondistributionwithasinglequeue .Supposethatthenetworktopologicalstructureandtheestimatesoftheexternaltrafficrequirementsaregiven ,howtoselecttheoptimalroutestobeusedbythecommunicatingnodesinthenetworksoast…     

一种抗NLOS的TDOA定位算法

本文提出了一种抗非视线传播(Non-Line-of-Sight)干扰的TDOA定位算法。该算法采用退火与遗传算法相结合的方式，在满足给定条件的空间内搜索源点坐标值。数值仿真表明，该算法具备抗NLOS干扰的能力，与传统TDOA算法相比，该算法无需知道各基站的非视线传播干扰分布，是一种实用有效的定位算法。     

27例乙型血友病患者Ⅸ因子基因突变研究

采用ＰＣＲ（聚合酶链反应）及ＧＡＷＴＳ（ＧｅｎｏｍｉｃＡｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈＴｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｓＳｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｎｇ）技术，研究了江苏、湖北、山东、广东、福建、宁夏六省区２７例乙型血友病患者及其家系成员ＦⅨ（九因子）基因各２．２Ｋｂ　ＤＮＡ序列。在２ｌ例中发现２０种不同类型的突变。其中１２种是未曾报道的新突变。３８％的突变发生在ＣｐＧ二核苷致序列上，进一步证实了ＣｐＧ确系突变热点。同时检出６例女性为致病基因携带者。对开展基因产前诊断及优生优育等，具有重要意义。     

An integrated automatic test data generation system

The Godzilla automatic test data generator is an integrated collection of tools that implements a relatively new test data generation method—constraint-based testing—that is based on mutation analysis. Constraint-based testing integrates mutation analysis with several other testing techniques, including statement coverage, branch coverage, domain perturbation, and symbolic evaluation. Because Godzilla uses a rule-based approach to generate test data, it is easily extendible to allow new testing techniques to be integrated into the current system. This article describes the system that has been built to implement constraint-based testing. Godzilla's design emphasizes orthogonality and modularity, allowing relatively easy extensions. Godzilla's internal structure and algorithms are described with emphasis on internal structures of the system and the engineering problems that were solved during the implementation.Parts of this research were supported by Contract F30602-85-C-0255 through Rome Air Development Center while the author was a graduate student at the Georgia Institute of Technology.     

筛查基因突变的新技术——循环双脱氧指纹图谱法及其应用

建立了适用于大批量标本基因突变筛查的双脱氧指纹图谱法即ｄｄＦ。该技术民测定ＤＮＡ序列的双脱氧末端终止法及ＳＳＣＰ二者长处于一身，即只作一个双脱氧末端终止反应，然后将反应产物在与ＳＳＣＰ相同的电泳条件下进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，这样有突变的样品不会漏检，阳性检出率高达１００％。     

Data requirements for neutron activation: Part I: Cross sections

Existing neutron cross section libraries such as EAF-2003 contain a large number of reactions. Of these only a small proportion are significant in the production of the nuclides that dominate activation quantities such as activity or γ-dose rate at various decay times. These reactions were identified in a recent extensive set of calculations on all the elements and reported in the ‘Activation Handbook’. These 1340 reactions are considered here and the set of reactions with no differential or integral data are listed and prioritised. A set of 339 reactions with very limited possibility of measurement are given; these require further study by theoretical calculations. A set of 100 reactions with either discrepant or no data, that might be measurable are listed and are recommended to be the subject of future experimental work.     

长期不同施肥对玉米田间杂草生物多样性的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了长期不同施肥对田间杂草总密度、优势杂草组成及生物多样性的影响。结果表明:综合施用N、P、K肥,不仅降低了田间杂草的总密度,降低了优势杂草在群落中的比重,而且有利于维持田间杂草的生物多样性;不施用N或P肥,田间杂草的总密度增大,优势杂草的比重也明显增强,但不利于维持田间杂草的生物多样性。所以,平衡施用N、P、K肥,有利于维持农田生态系统中的生物多样性,并能更好地进行杂草控制。