潮湿褐煤干法分选实验研究

为提高空气重介质流化床对入料煤水分的适应性,以热气代替常温空气改善流化床对褐煤的分选效果。采用可能偏差Ep为评价指标,研究了热态空气重介质流化床的干燥温度、干燥时间和风量对褐煤分选效果的影响。结果表明:干燥温度为30~50℃时,干燥温度越高,Ep越低;干燥时间为1~5 min时,干燥时间越长,Ep越低,超过3 min后,Ep降低缓慢;风量为8~12 m3/h时,风量增大,Ep先降低后升高。煤样表面水分越高,干燥温度、干燥时间和风量变化对Ep影响越显著。表面水分1%的褐煤,干燥温度50℃、干燥时间5 min、风量10 m3/h时,褐煤分选效果最好,Ep可达到0.022g/cm3。实验证明热态空气重介质流化床可用于分选潮湿褐煤。     

Development of a non-destructive micro-analytical method for stable carbon isotope analysis of transmission electron microscope (TEM) samples

The biogenicity of ancient morphological microfossil-like objects can be established by linking morphological (e.g. cell remnants and extracellular polymeric matrix) and chemical (e.g. isotopes, biomarkers and biominerals) evidence indicative of microorganisms or microbial activity. We have developed a non-destructive micro-analytical ion beam system capable of measuring with high spatial resolution the stable carbon isotope ratios of thin samples used for transmission electron microscopy. The technique is based on elastic scattering of alpha particles with an energy of 2.751 MeV. At this energy the ¹³C cross section is enhanced relative to the pure Rutherford cross section for ¹³C, whereas the ¹²C cross section is reduced relative to its pure Rutherford cross section. Here we report the initial results of this experimental approach used to characterize ultramicrotomed sections of sulfur-embedded graphite and microbial cells.     

MHE—C—1号、2号非活性极压切削油的研究

阐述了MHE—C—1号、2号无毒、低气味、非活性极压切削油的研制过程,重点介绍了惰性极压添加剂(PEP)的特性,叙述了油品的毒理试验、Falex—8攻丝扭矩试验和实际生产应用试验情况,证明研制的油品达到了国外同类产品的质量水平。     

High precision C AMS at CIRCE

The CIRCE AMS system started operation in March 2005. The measurement of isotopic ratios ¹⁴C/¹²C in samples of archaeological and environmental interest has rapidly attained high precision and accuracy levels in routine operation. The results of the intercomparison campaign in the framework of the VIRI program, as well as the outcome of a statistical analysis of the about 200 control measurements performed with standard samples, have shown the capability of the whole system for high precision measurements (δR/R < 0.3%), allowing systematic investigations in both archaeological and environmental sciences. ²⁶Al AMS has been implemented for the measurement of the astrophysically relevant ²⁵Mg(p,γ)²⁶Al reaction cross section, while a beam line is under construction for the measurement of actinides isotopic ratios.     

The use of HI-ERDA/RBS and NRA/RBS to depth profile N in GaAs1−xNx thin films

N profiles of several GaAs_1−xN_x epitaxial layers with different N mole fractions in the range 0 < x < 0.14 were obtained by using (1) heavy-ion elastic recoil detection analysis (HI-ERDA) along with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) using a 35 MeV Si⁶⁺ beam, and (2) nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) with the ¹⁴N(α, p)¹⁷O reaction, also with RBS, using a 3.7 MeV ⁴He⁺ beam. The results from the two techniques are compared and the advantages, disadvantages and capabilities are discussed.     

Complementary use of ion beam elastic backscattering and recoil detection analysis for the precise determination of the composition of thin films made of light elements

Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is a well known powerful technique to obtain depth profiles of the constituent elements in a thin film deposited on a substrate made of lighter elements. In its standard use the probing beam is typically 2 MeV He. Its capabilities to obtain precise composition profiles are severely diminished when the overlaying film is made of elements lighter than the substrate. In this situation the analysis of the energy of the recoiled element from the sample in the elastic scattering event, the ERDA technique may be advantageous. For the detection of light elements it is also possible to use beams at specific energies producing elastic resonances with these light elements to be analyzed, with a much higher scattering cross sections than the Rutherford values. This technique may be called non-RBS. In this work we report on the complementary use of ERDA with a 30 MeV Cl beam and non-RBS with 1756 keV H ions to characterize thin films made of boron, carbon and nitrogen (BCN) deposited on Si substrates.     

PIGE analysis and profiling of aluminium

In this work we present an alternative method for PIGE analysis of aluminium in thick samples. This method is based on the ERYA - emitted radiation yield analysis - code, which integrates the nuclear reaction excitation function along the depth of the sample. For this purpose, the excitations functions of the ²⁷Al(p,p′γ_1,2)²⁷Al reaction (with gamma-ray energies of 844 and 1014 keV) were employed. Calculated gamma-ray yields were compared, at several proton energy values, with experimental yields for thick samples made of inorganic compounds containing aluminium. The agreement is better than 5%.The 1684 keV resonance of the same reaction, with a natural width of 100 eV, was used to profile samples of Ti implanted with several doses of Al. We show that this resonance, stronger than the 992 keV resonance of the ²⁷Al(p,γ)²⁸Si usually employed for aluminium profiling, leads to similar depth resolution in shorter collection time.     

铁路既有线改造并行段桥涵施工采用挖孔桩防护的技术与应用

在铁路既有线改造工程并行段桥涵施工过程中,为保证既有线在不中断行车情况下的营运安全,既有线防护是关键。该文以改建铁路沪汉蓉通道襄樊至胡家营段增建第二线站前工程XYS-02标段并行段箱型桥接长（桩号里程为K25＋134（2~10.0 m））施工为例,较为详细地介绍了铁路既有线改造工程并行段桥涵施工中采用挖孔桩防护的设计原理。文中提供的铁路既有线改造工程并行段桥涵施工中采用挖孔桩防护方案设计可作为同类工程施工的参考依据。     

PIXE analysis of chromium phytoaccumulation by the aquatic macrophytes Eicchornia crassipes

The uptake of hexavalent chromium in free living floating aquatic macrophytes Eicchornia crassipes cultivated in non-toxic chromium-doped hydroponic solutions is presented. A Cr-uptake bioaccumulation experiment was carried out using healthy macrophytes grown in a temperature controlled greenhouse. Six samples of nutrient media and plants were collected during the 23 day experiment. Roots and leaves were acid digested with the addition of an internal Gallium standard, for thin film sample preparation and quantitative Cr analysis by PIXE method. The Cr⁶⁺ mass uptake by the macrophytes reached up to 70% of the initial concentration, comparable to former results and literature data. The Cr-uptake data were described using a non-structural first order kinetic model. Due to low cost and high removal efficiency, living aquatic macrophytes E. crassipes are a viable biosorbent in an artificial wetland of a water effluent treatment plant.     

Determination of bulk etch rate for CR-39 nuclear track detectors using an X-ray fluorescence method

The thickness of a CR-39 detector is determined using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method of analysis. The method is based on exciting a suitable target and measuring the intensity of its fluorescence X-ray lines passing through the CR-39 sample in a fixed geometry. By properly selecting the target material, the method succeeds in assessing the thickness change of CR-39 detectors etched for different time intervals. The bulk etch rate (V_b) may thus be obtained, which is an important parameter for any solid state nuclear track detector. Application of the EDXRF method yielded a value of V_b = (2.01 ± 0.04) μm h⁻¹ for etching in a 6 N NaOH solution at 75 °C. This value agrees with the bulk etch rate of (1.90 ± 0.03) μm h⁻¹, obtained by the conventional mass-change method.