基于SIMULINK／FIRE的PEMFC系统联合仿真

针对PEMFC三维动态数值仿真,结合SIMULINK和FIRE各自的功能,利用SIMULINK的S-函数及FIRE的USERFUNCTION开发了两者的接口,通过共享数据文件的方式实现了SIMULINK和FIRE之间的数据同步通讯,初步建立了PEMFC系统的空间三维动态联合仿真平台。并以单流道PEMFC三维数值模拟为例,在质量守恒的意义下用数值算例验证了联合仿真动态计算的有效性。     

柴油机排气歧管的CFD数值模拟分析

采用CATIA软件建立柴油机排气管三维实体模型,应用AVL FIRE软件对该排气管模型内流场进行CFD数值模拟计算,获得不同排气歧管分支在其排气流量最大时内部的压力场、速度场等.结果表明在总管与支管接口处,压力变化剧烈,能量损失较大,且管内有部分涡流区.对排气管的结构进行优化改进,优化后的结果表明,压力变化剧烈处明显变小,管内部分涡流区减小甚至消失,速度分布更加均匀.     

Potential effects of recent transportation accident on transportation of radioactive materials in USA

Abstract

In 2007, two severe transportation accidents, involving primarily long haul tractor trailers, occurred in the State of California. In the first, which occurred in Oakland in what is commonly known as the 'MacArthur Maze' section of Interstate 580 (I-580), a tractor trailer carrying gasoline impacted an overpass support column and burst into flames. The subsequent fire burned for over 2 h and led to the collapse of the overpass due to the loss of strength in the structural steel that supported the overpass. The second incident was a chain reaction accident involving several tractor trailers in the I-5 'Newhall Pass' truck bypass tunnel in Santa Clarita. This accident also involved an intense fire that damaged the tunnel and required the closing of the tunnel for repairs to the concrete walls. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is studying both these accidents to examine any potential regulatory implications related to the safe transport of radioactive materials including spent nuclear fuel in the United States. This paper will discuss the details of the MacArthur Maze fire investigation. The NRC's investigation of the Newhall Pass fire is ongoing and the results are not available for publication.     

Early accident simulating testing of radioactive material packages in road vehicles

Abstract

Beginning as early as the 1960s, concerns were voiced as to the adequacy of the package test standards imposed by the transport regulations promulgated by the International Atomic Energy Agency. One concern that was frequently raised and has continued to the present time is that the test standards do not necessarily simulate real accidents. The purpose of the crash tests described here that were done with typical packages carried in full scale vehicles was to assess the IAEA standards, their adequacy and to suggest changes to them that might be needed. It was also hoped that the tests, which were performed in the USA and in the UK, would show to regulators, to users of the regulations and to the public that current regulations already provide a very high level of safety for real world accidents. With time, much of the original information regarding these tests and their results has been lost. The few documents that remain have been surveyed and this paper presents summaries from this survey of the tests and their results.     

Vergleichende Analyse der thermischen Beanspruchungs intensitäten bei normativen Raumbrandversuchen

International existieren verschiedene genormte Raumbrandprüfungen, in welchen das Brandverhalten von Wand‐ und Deckenprodukten unter realitätsnahen Einbaubedingungen untersucht wird. Die Prüfmethoden unterscheiden sich zum Teil erheblich hinsichtlich der Raumgeometrie, der Ventilationsöffnungen bzw. ‐verhältnisse sowie der Art und Leistung der verwendeten Zündquellen. Auf der Basis von Brandsimulationsrechnungen mit dem CFD‐Code FDS wurde die Intensität der resultierenden thermischen Produktbeanspruchung für ausgewählte Prüfräume vergleichend analysiert. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass zwischen den betrachteten Methoden deutliche Unterschiede bestehen, die zu inkonsistenten Produktbeurteilungen führen können. Comparative analysis of thermal exposure conditions in standard room fire tests. Various standards exist worldwide that describe room fire tests for determining the reaction to fire behaviour of wall and ceiling products under end‐use conditions. The test methods differ with respect to the room geometry, the ventilation conditions and the type and heat output of the ignition source. Numerical simulations were performed using the CFD code FDS to comparatively analyse the resulting thermal exposure conditions for selected test rooms. The simulation results exhibit considerable differences between the analysed test methods, which may lead to inconsistent product assessments.     

INES Scale: French Application to Radioactive Material Transport

Abstract

After gaining control of radioactive material transport in June 1997, the French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) decided to apply the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES scale) to transport events. The Directorate General for Nuclear Safety and Radioprotection (DGSNR) requests that radioactive material package consignors declare any event occurring during transport, and has introduced the use of the INES scale adapted to classify transport events in order to inform the public and to have feedback. The INES scale is applicable to events arising in nuclear installations associated with the civil nuclear industry andevents occurring during the transport of radioactive materials to and from them. The INES scale consists of seven levels. It is based on the successive application of threetypes of criterion (off-site impact, on-site impact and degradation of defence in depth) and uses the maximum level to determine the rating of an accident. As the transport in questiontakes place on public thoroughfares, only the off-site impact criteria and degradation ofdefence in-depth criteria apply. This paper deals with DGSNR's feedback during the past 7 years concerning the French application of the INES scale. Significant events that occurred during transport are presented. The French experience was used by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to develop a draft guide in 2002 and the IAEA asked countries to use a new draft for a trial period in July 2004.     

某增压汽油机进气过程流体流动特性研究

本文采用瞬态可压缩黏性流体微分方程和标准双方程紊流模型对某增压汽油机进气过程的流体流动特性进行数值模拟,计算结果表明:缸内瞬时温度和压力的变化,主要受到气缸内壁和新鲜充量传热以及活塞运动的影响,而进气道内瞬时温度的变化与进气道内气流运动的湍流强度密切相关,因此,要提高该汽油机的充量系数,最合理的办法是抑制进气道内的湍流强度。     

一种适用于纹理图象的FIRE滤波器

对于图象滤波系统，如何在降噪的同时保护细节结构是一个难点。文章提出一种新的FIRE（fuzzy inference ruled by else－action）滤波器，通过将对应于不同邻域尺寸下的象素分布模式的模糊规则集成在同一规则基中，将多分辨率图象分析引入到单一模块内。实验表明该方法对纹理图象的去噪效果明显。     

内燃机工作过程模拟分析与研究

采用FIRE软件进行了内燃机工作过程的数值模拟分析,得到与排气噪声影响因素有关的燃烧气体的温度、压力参数,同时还得到了在这些工况下NOx的排放情况,为发动机的燃烧、排放以及燃烧室的优化设计等的研究提供了基础,同时还为进一步设计发动机消声器提供了信息。     

Plans for the future for the Packaging,Transport, Storage and Security of Radioactive Material Journal

Abstract

The regulatory driven design of radioactive material transportation packages leads package vendors to perform analyses that demonstrate the ability of packages to meet the regulatory requirements. For risk assessment and communication, the analysis of package response to thermal environments that are more severe than those described in the regulations is required. In general, experimental and analytical assessments of casks exposed to thermal insults other than the regulatory environment are performed in the USA by the Department of Energy national laboratories. This paper provides a brief summary of some recent thermal analyses of spent fuel transportation packages exposed to thermal environments different from regulatory standards. The analyses were performed by Sandia National Laboratories under several different projects for multiple customers. These analyses examined the response of spent fuel packages exposed to severe thermal environments different from the regulatory hypothetical accident condition. One assessment determined the response of four generic casks to very long duration engulfing fires. The results from these analyses included fire durations necessary to reach critical temperatures of the fuel and seals. In another assessment, two certified spent fuel casks were analysed for exposure to 1 h pool fires. The height of the cask above the pool was varied to study the effect of the vapour dome on the heating of the casks. Another assessment investigated the effect of offset long duration fires on rail cask performance, which showed that casks can withstand offset fires of much longer duration than the regulatory fire. Other assessments examined the response of packages to thermal environments resulting from propane fires and realistic liquid hydrocarbon fires that included various positions of the transportation rail car in the simulation.