同位素稀释质谱法测定高放废液中的铀

用双同位素稀释质谱法测定高放废液中的微量铀,采用TBP/Kel-F粉反相分配色层法分离铀,双稀释剂分别为浓缩~(235)U及~(238)U,铀同位素丰度比的质谱测定相对标准误差优于0.1%,化学处理及质谱测定全流程铀的空白值为3×10~(-9)g,方法检测限对于铀为1×10~(-9)g,高放废液中微量铀测定结果不确定度为±2%。     

高放废液化学成分分析

概述了高放废液中25种阳离子、5种阴离子以及总蒸残物、总氧化物、密度和游离酸的分析方法。对核燃料后处理高放废液进行取样分析,其主要化学成分采用两种以上不同原理的方法作对比测定,结果相互符合情况良好,为高放废液处理处置研究设计,提供了完整、准确的基础数据。     

DHDECMP-TBP/OK萃取模拟高放废液中锕系元素的工艺研究

测定了22%DHDECMP 42%TBP/OK从模拟高放废液中萃取锕系元素的分配比;在微型离心萃取器(转鼓=10mm)串联台架上,进行了从模拟高放废液中萃取锕系元素的工艺条件研究。结果表明,经6级萃取、2级洗涤、6级反萃,流比AF∶AX∶AS=1∶1 5∶0 5,BF∶BX=1∶1时,在萃取器A中,U,Np,Pu,Am的回收率均大于99 9%;在反萃器B中,Am的反萃率>99 9%,U,Np和Pu的反萃率分别为2%,39%,2%。     

高放废液煅烧工艺的研究现状

高放废液安全有效的处理与处置是世界各国关注的重要课题。常采用煅烧技术对高放废液进行预处理，达到实现减少高放废物的产生量、降低高放废物处置的风险的目的。本文主要以常见的几种预处理煅烧工艺技术（罐式煅烧法、喷雾煅烧法、流化床煅烧法和回转煅烧法等）为研究对象，分别从煅烧机理、研究现状及优缺点等多个方面进行较系统的分析探讨。     

Adsorption Behaviors of Platinum Group Metals in Simulated High Level Liquid Waste Using Macroporous (MOTDGA-TOA)/SiO2-P Silica-based Absorbent

As fundamental research for separation of platinum group metals (PGMs) from high level liquid waste (HLLW) by macroporous silica-based adsorbent, (MOTDGA-TOA)/SiO₂-P adsorbent was prepared by impregnation of N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-di-n-octyl-thiodiglycolamide (MOTDGA) and Tri-n-octylamine (TOA) into silica/polymer composite support (SiO₂-P). The adsorption behavior of Ru(III), Rh(III), and Pd(II) in simulated HLLW onto the adsorbent were investigated by the batch method to obtain their corresponding equilibrium and kinetic data. The adsorbent showed strong adsorption for Pd(II) and the adsorption reached equilibrium within 2 hr. High distribution coefficient (K _d) values for Pd(II) were obtained in 0.1–1 M HNO₃ concentration. In addition, the use of both MOTDGA and TOA improved adsorption of Ru(III) and Rh(III) better than individual use of them. Especially, the K _d value for Ru(III) towards (MOTDGA-TOA)/SiO₂-P adsorbent was three times larger than that in the adsorption using only with MOTDGA or TOA as extractant. The adsorptions of Ru(III), Rh(III), and Pd(II) followed the Langmuir adsorption model, and were found to be controlled by the chemisorption mechanism.     

Extracting Performance of Cesium by 25,27‐Bis(2‐Propyloxy) Calix[4]‐26,28‐Crown‐6 (iPr‐C[4]C‐6) in n‐octanol

Abstract

In this work, the extraction of cesium(Cs⁺) in nitric acid and in a simulated high level liquid waste (HLLW) by iPr‐C[4]C‐6 was investigated in the diluent n‐octanol. The slope of the extractant dependency equals 1, indicating that the complex has 1∶1[Cs⁺ · iPr‐C[4]C‐6]Cs⁺ to ligand. 0.025 mol/L iPr‐C[4]C‐6 in n‐octanol (abbreviated to iPr‐C[4]C‐6‐n‐octanol) has a stronger extracting ability to Cs when acidities are between 1.0 mol/L and 4.0 mol/L. The stripping properties of Cs loading in 0.025 mol/L iPr‐C[4]C‐6‐n‐octanol was studied. Cs loading in iPr‐C[4]C‐6‐n‐octanol can be stripped easily into the aqueous phase because the distribution ratios of Cs are lower than 0.5 when pH is between 2 and 10 in the aqueous phase. On the above basis, the better parameters were selected and the cold cascade test for removing Cs from the simulated HLLW was investigated on miniature centrifugal contactor. The results of the test are attractive. The removing ratio of Cs from the simulated HLLW is 99.5% and the stripping ratio of Cs loading in 0.025 mol/L iPr‐C[4]C‐6‐n‐octanol is 99.2%. The results show that 0.025 mol/L iPr‐C[4]C‐6‐n‐octanol is an effective process for removing Cs from HLLW.     

Studies on the Development of a Two Stage SLM System for the Separation of Carrier‐free 90Y using KSM‐17 and CMPO as Carriers

Abstract

Solvent extraction studies of Y³⁺ and Sr²⁺ with 2‐ethylhexyl 2‐ethylhexyl phosphonic acid (KSM‐17) and octyl(phenyl)‐N,N‐diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) are carried out from aqueous media containing a wide range of nitric acid and other potential reagents to arrive at the operating conditions for the selective transport of ⁹⁰Y using supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing these reagents as carriers. Since the transport data of ⁹⁰Y using single cell SLM with KSM‐17 was available from our earlier experiments, single cell transport studies with CMPO carrier are only carried out to optimize the strippant phase. Transport studies with pure ⁹⁰Y is carried out using a transport cell with two SLMs one with KSM‐17 and the other CMPO carriers to optimize the transport parameters. Based on these data the development of a two stage SLM system for the generation of carrier free ⁹⁰Y from ⁹⁰Sr source is described. The procedure described is amenable for automation and scale up.     

拉曼光谱法直接测定模拟高放废液中硫酸根

对影响拉曼光谱测量硫酸根的主要因素,如积分时间、叠加次数、激光功率等进行了研究,确定了最佳测量条件,建立了拉曼光谱测量模拟高放废液中硫酸根的分析方法。该方法利用拉曼光谱仪测定硫酸根与水拉曼峰的相对强度,从而得到硫酸根含量。结果表明:硫酸根质量浓度线性范围为1~15g/L,线性相关系数为0.999 6,相对误差小于±5%,检测限为0.05g/L。此方法简单、快速、无需消耗任何试剂,有望用于某高放废液样品中硫酸根的检测。     

模拟高放废液玻璃固化体的偏硼酸锂熔融法

一、引言随着核能的发展,人们愈来愈关注放射性废物处理工艺的安全问题。对高放废液常采用玻璃固化的处理方法。玻璃固化工艺的研究需要分析化学方面提供玻璃固化体的成份数据,作为评价其性能的重要依据。     

二环己基18冠6从硝酸溶液和模拟高放废液中萃取镅、钚、铀的研究

研究了二环己基１８ 冠６（ＤＣＨ１８Ｃ６）－正辛醇从硝酸溶液和模拟高放废液中镅、钚、铀的萃取。考察了酸度和模拟高放废液（ＨＬＬＷ）的稀释倍数对萃取分配比的影响。研究结果表明,在低硝酸浓度和较大稀释倍数情况下,ＤＣＨ１８Ｃ６ 对镅、钚、铀的萃取分配比都比较小,并随着水相硝酸浓度的增大而增大,随着模拟高放废液稀释倍数的增大而减小;提高萃取剂浓度会增大四价钚的萃取。