Enhancement of etch rate for preparation of nano-sized ion-track membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride): Effect of pretreatment and high-LET beam irradiation

We investigated how pretreatment and high-LET beam irradiation affected the ion-track dissolution rate in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films by SEM observations and conductometric analysis in order to develop the preparation methodology of nano-sized ion-track membranes. PVDF thin films irradiated with four types of ion beams were exposed to a 9 mol/dm³ KOH aqueous solution after their storage in air at 120 °C. This heating treatment was found to enhance the etch rate in the latent track, both in the inner core and outer halo regions, without changing that in the bulk, probably due to the formation of parasitic oxidation products facilitating the introduction of the etching agent to improve the etchability. Additionally, the irradiation of heavier higher-LET ions, causing each track to more activated sites (like radicals), was preferable for achieving effective etching.     

Proton beam writing and electroplating for the fabrication of high aspect ratio Au microstructures

We present an approach to fabricate tall high aspect ratio Au microstructures by means of proton beam direct writing. Combining proton beam direct writing and electroplating, we successfully produced gold structures with sub-micrometer lateral dimensions, structure heights in excess of 11 μm, and aspect ratios over 28. Sidewall quality of the Au structures was improved by lowering the process temperature to 20 °C when developing PMMA patterns with GG developer. The application of such structures as X-ray masks for deep X-ray lithography with synchrotron radiation was demonstrated.     

Effects of annealing on performances of 1.3-μm InAs-InGaAs-GaAs quantum dot electroabsorption modulators

In this work, we investigated the effects of quantum dot (QD) annealing (as-grown, 600°C-annealed, and 750°C-annealed) on the preliminary performances of 1.3-μm InAs-InGaAs-GaAs quantum dot electroabsorption modulators (QD-EAMs). Both extinction ratio and insertion loss were found to vary inversely with the annealing temperature. Most importantly, the 3-dB response of the 750°C-annealed lumped-element QD-EAM was found to be 1.6 GHz at zero reverse bias voltage - the lowest reverse bias voltage reported. We believe that this work will be beneficial to researchers working on on-chip integration of QD-EAMs with other devices since energy consumption will be an important consideration.     

Development of a detector model for generation of synthetic radiographs of cargo containers

Creation of synthetic cargo-container radiographs that possess attributes of their empirical counterparts requires accurate models of the imaging-system response. Synthetic radiographs serve as surrogate data in studies aimed at determining system effectiveness for detecting target objects when it is impractical to collect a large set of empirical radiographs. In the case where a detailed understanding of the detector system is available, an accurate detector model can be derived from first-principles. In the absence of this detail, it is necessary to derive empirical models of the imaging-system response from radiographs of well-characterized objects. Such a case is the topic of this work, where we demonstrate the development of an empirical model of a gamma-ray radiography system with the intent of creating a detector-response model that translates uncollided photon transport calculations into realistic synthetic radiographs. The detector-response model is calibrated to field measurements of well-characterized objects thus incorporating properties such as system sensitivity, spatial resolution, contrast and noise.     

Surface roughness of hydrogen silsesquioxane as a negative tone electron beam resist

The surface roughness of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) as a negative tone electron beam (EB) resist has been studied as a function of exposure dose, developer concentration, and pre-exposure bake temperature.In the range of low exposure doses, the surface roughness of HSQ drops rapidly with an increase in the dose. It levels off at about 1 nm around the dose at which the respective contrast curve saturates. The TMAH developer concentration, varied in the range of 2.5-25%, has only a slight influence on the HSQ roughness. The increase of the baking temperature from 90 to 220 °C, however, causes a significant rise in the roughness of more than 100%.These results are discussed in terms of structural changes and network formation in thin HSQ films. They prove that a process combining high developer concentration and low baking temperature is preferable for fabrication of high resolution patterns using HSQ as a negative tone EB resist.     

Thermal and optical properties of Cd1-x Zn x S thin films by photoacoustics

Ternary compounds Cd_1-x Zn _x S for various Zn concentration in thin films are synthesized by spray pyrolysis and studied by photoacoustics technique for thermal and optical properties. The thermal diffusivity as a function of the alloy composition measured by photoacoustics shows a maximum at x = 0.6. The optical band gap increases with zinc concentration and the continuous change indicates the formation of solid solution.     

幽门螺杆菌多亚单位融合蛋白疫苗的构建及免疫特性

目的构建幽门螺杆菌HspA、HpaA、UreB多亚单位融合蛋白疫苗,并检测其免疫原性及免疫保护性。方法用PCR从Hp基因组中分别扩增HspA、HpaA、UreB3个基因片段,重叠延伸PCR将其构建成融合基因hhu,并克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,经酶切、测序验证后,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)中,IPTG诱导表达,AKATA纯化仪纯化。纯化后蛋白口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA检测小鼠特异性抗体,末次免疫后进行攻毒试验,检测其免疫保护性。结果酶切及测序证实已成功构建HspA、HpaA、UreB融合基因的表达载体phhu,SDS-PAGE及Western blot证实融合蛋白的表达,表达率为26·8%,纯化的融合蛋白纯度大于90%,口服免疫小鼠可产生特异性抗体,保护率达89·6%。结论所获得的融合蛋白保持了亚组分蛋白各自的免疫原性和免疫保护性,为幽门螺杆菌多亚单位疫苗的深入研究奠定了基础。     

Interferometric study of reliability of microcantilevers driven by AlN sandwiched between two metal layers

Micro-electro-mechanical systems are exposed to a variety of environmental stimuli, making a prediction of operational reliability difficult. Here, we investigate environmental effects on properties of piezoelectrically actuated microcantilevers, where aluminum nitride is used as actuation material. The environmental effects to be considered include thermal and humid cycling, as well as harsh electrical loading performed under normal conditions. Investigated properties are defined for the static and dynamic behavior of microcantilevers. A Twyman-Green interferometer, operating in both stroboscopic regime and time-average interferometry mode, is used as a metrology tool. The initial deflection and frequency changes of the first resonance mode of the microcantilevers are monitored during accelerated thermal aging tests, humidity tests, as well as harsh electrical loading and fatigue tests. Finally, the resonant fatigue tests accelerated by application of a high voltage are accomplished to evaluate a lifetime of microcantilevers. Monitoring the micromechanical behaviors of devices driven by aluminum nitride during the lifetime tests assists monitoring of their long-term stability. Finite Element Modeling is used to identify critical areas of stress concentration in the cantilever structure and to further explain various failure mechanisms.     

二氧化碳压缩机高压缸前径向瓦振值高的原因分析及对策

分析二氧化碳压缩机高压缸前径向瓦振值高的原因,采取相应的措施,较好地解决了该问题。     

Hp(3)测量与量值传递研究进展

通过对国内外相关文献的调研,结合现行相关标准内容,介绍眼晶体剂量当量H_p(3)的测量以及量值传递过程中所使用的体模、转换系数等。圆柱体模已作为H_p(3)剂量计校准用体模,并被广泛推荐;剂量当量转换系数主要基于蒙特卡罗方法和经验公式计算得到;H_p(3)测量方法各异,主要基于热释光剂量测量系统。欧盟现已组织开展三次关于眼晶体剂量计的比对,在光子场中照射的比对结果比在β场照射的结果较好。但由于铅眼镜和铅面罩的应用,以及眼晶体敏感区域的划分,H_p(3)的测量与量值传递方法仍存在问题。