KF606型氡累积探测器在英国NRPB的首次国际比对

核工业第六研究所氡实验室研制的KF606型氡累积探测器参加了由英国辐射防护局（NRPB）组织的2000年无源式氡累积探测器国际比对。本文简要介绍我们参加这次国际比对的简况和结果，并根据NRPB的比对总结报告，对结果进行了分析评价。     

Multidecadal Trends in Large-Scale Annual Mean SATa Based on CMIP5 Historical Simulations and Future Projections

Based on observations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) results, multidecadal variations and trends in annual mean surface air temperature anomalies (SATa) at global, hemispheric, and hemispheric land and ocean scales in the past and under the future scenarios of two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are analyzed. Fifteen models are selected based on their performances in capturing the temporal variability, long-term trend, multidecadal variations, and trends in global annual mean SATa. Observational data analysis shows that the multidecadal variations in annual mean SATa of the land and ocean in the northern hemisphere (NH) and of the ocean in the southern hemisphere (SH) are similar to those of the global mean, showing an increase during the 1900–1944 and 1971–2000 periods, and flattening or even cooling during the 1945–1970 and 2001–2013 periods. These observed characteristics are basically reproduced by the models. However, SATa over SH land show an increase during the 1945–1970 period, which differs from the other hemispheric scales, and this feature is not captured well by the models. For the recent hiatus period (2001–2013), the projected trends of BCC-CSM1-1-m, CMCC-CM, GFDL-ESM2M, and NorESM1-ME at the global and hemispheric scales are closest to the observations based on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, suggesting that these four models have better projection capability in SATa. Because these four models are better at simulating and projecting the multidecadal trends of SATa, they are selected to analyze future SATa variations at the global and hemispheric scales during the 2006–2099 period. The selected multi-model ensemble (MME) projected trends in annual mean SATa for the globe, NH, and SH under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) are 0.17 (0.29) °C, 0.22 (0.36) °C, and 0.11 (0.23) °C·decade⁻¹ in the 21st century, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the projections of CMIP5 MME without model selection.     

插入式涡街流量计比对方法探讨

简单介绍了插入式涡街流量计的构成及点流速计型的插入式涡街流量计的标定方法。简要分析了用水泵流量比对,便携式超流量计比对方法的缺点,提出了插入式涡街流量计的标定修正比对的快速查表法,实例证明该方法是有效可行的。     

亚太地区放射性个人剂量监测国际比对与思索

报告了参加亚太地区放射性个人剂量监测国际比对的结果,并提出了一些看法。     

The equivalence in accreditation: Robust or standard statistical analysis of interlaboratory comparisons

Interlaboratory comparison (ILC) have been carried out between accredited laboratories, to improve confidence in the comparability of the measurements results obtained in different regions. In the EA framework, about 120 ILC in the different calibration field (acceleration, acoustic, electrical, force, torque, hardness, frequency, photometry, pressure, chemical analysis, etc.) were performed in the last eight years, with several thousand of Calibration Laboratories involved in these exercises. In the paper, a short synthesis of the results obtained in the APLAC-ILC Rockwell hardness test (T027) is given as an example, and compared with the results obtained in a analogous intercomparison in the EA framework (ILC-H1).     

~(241)Am标准溶液研制及比对测量

本文系统地研究了~(241)Am的分离、纯化、溶液组成及其稳定性、制源技术和放射性活度绝对测量等问题。由此建立了生产~(241)Am放射性标准溶液的方法,并于1975年起向计量、科研、生产、环保和学校等有关部门提供产品,使用情况良好。1983年又提供国防科工委系统和计量分院进行了比对测量,我们的测量结果在0.2%误差范围内同各单位测量结果平均值相一致。这些都表明本文提供的方法是正确的,由此得到的~(241)Am标准溶液是准确可靠和稳定的。完全符合放射性计量标准的要求。     

Development of methods for the determination of vitamins A, E and β-carotene in processed foods based on supercritical fluid extraction: a collaborative study

New methodologies based on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have been developed for the determination of fat-soluble vitamins in processed foods. The results obtained so far indicate that SFE is well suited to extraction of fat-soluble vitamins from food products, although validation work is required to establish accuracy and precision. The vitamins investigated were A, E and β-carotene, and the processed foods were UHT milk, milk powder, minced meat, liver paste, infant formula, canned baby food and margarine. Extraction equipment employed analyte collection on either a solid-phase trap or in a solvent. After extraction, the samples were saponified and the vitamins determined using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or fluorescence detection. Sample throughput was at least 12 samples day -1 , i.e. at least twice the number achievable with a conventional extraction methodology. The detection limits for the vitamins in different processed foods were well below 0.1 µg g -1 . Recoveries (in comparison with vitamin levels obtained using conventional solvent extraction) were close to 100% for experienced personal with access to modern automatic equipment. To reach this level, it was necessary to protect the vitamins with an antioxidant during the different steps of the analysis procedure, to add methanol or ethanol to the extraction cell to facilitate the analyte extraction from the food matrix, and when using a solid-phase trap, to employ a fractionated extraction-elution procedure to prevent breakthrough losses. The developed methods were tested in a validation exercise between five laboratories, which had taken part in the method development, and in an intercomparison between 10 laboratories including laboratories with less experience of vitamin determination. The within-laboratory RSD was generally ≤11%. The average of the between-laboratory relative standard deviation (RSD) was about 23% in the validation, and increased to about 40% in the intercomparison. Ruggedness tests performed at different steps of the project showed that different types and models of equipment did not give large differences in recoveries. Thus, the increasing RSD can largely be ascribed to differences in experience in vitamin analysis of the participants.     

气球法测氡比对实验

本文详细介绍了一二次气球法测氡比对实验。１９８６年比对发现气球法灵敏度低，比对结果普遍偏高等问题。１９８８年比对针对上述问题采取了相应的措施，取得了较为满意的结果。在环境水平氡浓度下，参加者之间符合良好，并基本上消除了经典的闪烁法之间的方法误差。此外，还讨论了一些具体问题，如滤膜过滤效率、穿过滤膜子体的影响等。     

Intercomparison exercise of high pressure gas flow test facilities within GERG

Ten of the main European gas Companies decided to carry out the second intercomparison exercise of high pressure test facilities within GERG (Groupe Européen de Recherches Gazières). The survey has compared the performances of 8 high pressure gas flow laboratories in the period autumn 1998–autumn 1999.

The aim was to check to what extent results obtained at the various laboratories are comparable and to reveal possible ways of improving the performances. Tests have been carried out using three transfer standard packages of three different diameters. The considered performance parameters have been: (1) agreement of results between laboratories, (2) short term stability and (3) day to day reproducibility of the reference flow.

The following main conclusions have been drawn:

• The majority of the laboratories involved in the intercomparison produced very accurate results. Despite the involvement of five independent traceability chains, 92.5% of the test results are within a band of ±0.25%.

• For most facilities the short term fluctuations are of the order of ±0.1%. Individual facilities may perform even better.

• This exercise allowed us to confirm the good results of the previous campaign and to identify some items to improve future intercomparisons.

基于面向对象语言的功率敏感器自动测试系统

功率敏感器是微波射频专业中一种常用的基础仪表,配合功率指示器,用于微波功率的测量。在自动测试成为当代计量主流手段的背景下,提出了功率敏感器自动测试系统的研制。对《小功率座检定规程》及厂家方法进行了总结,得出了功率敏感器校准的通用步骤和硬件平台,并以此为基础讲述了自动测试系统各个模块：仪器管理、测试方案设计、测试过程实现及数据处理模块的设计思路及关键步骤,分析了参数校准因子的测量结果不确定度,通过手动测试与自动测试结果的比对,验证了该系统的可靠性。最后,通过大量实践,证明该软件结构可推广至各种仪表自动测试中,验证了其成为一种仪表自动测试通用结构的可能。