Radiogenotoxicological effect of signal nuclide 134Cs on somatic and germ cells

Chromosome at aberation rates in bone marrow cells and micronucleus formation in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes both rise with increase in radioactivities of 134Cs,and can be fitted to power functions of radioactivities of 134Cs.In spermatogonia 134Cs mainly induced chromatid breakage,and abnormalities in sperm can also be experessed as power functions of radioactivities of 134 Cs.     

^134Cs在小鼠睾丸的滞留过程及其诱发精原细胞染色体畸变

本文研究了＾１３４Ｃｓ在小鼠睾丸内的滞留过程及其所诱发的精原细胞染色体畸变效应。在４７ｄ的观察期内，得出＾１３４Ｃｓ在睾丸内的滞留分数方程可拟合为Ｒ（ｔ）＝０．００４８ｅｘｐ（－０．１３８ｔ），式中Ｒ（ｔ）为溜分数，ｔ为注入后时间（ｄ），由此可得出＾１３４Ｃｓ在睾丸内的半滞留期为５．０２ｄ；＾１３４Ｃｓ可诱发精原细胞２染色体畸变，其畸变类型以染色单体型畸变为主；＾１３４Ｃｓ所致的精原细胞染色体畸变     

Proceedings of the eleventh annual meeting of the arizona society for electron microscopy and microbeam analysis held in tucson,arizona, february 7–8, 1990

The ultrastructure of the progressive testicular involution with advancing age in men is reviewed. There is no definite age at which testicular involution begins, and the onset and severity of testicular lesions are subjected to pronounced individual variations. Hormone studies also indicate great individual variations, and subtle changes in both the testis and the pituitary develop progressively with age. Testicular size, sperm quality, and numbers of all germ cell types, Sertoli cells, and Ley dig cells decrease with age. The volume occupied by the seminiferous tubules decreases, whereas that occupied by the testicular interstitium remains constant. The most frequent histological pattern of the aging testis is a mosaic of different seminiferous tubule lesions, varying from tubules with complete, although reduced, spermatogenesis, to completely sclerosed tubules. The tubules with complete spermatogenesis may show numerous morphological abnormalities in the germ cells, including multinucleation. Abnormal germ cells degenerate causing Sertoli cell vacuolation. These vacuoles correspond to dilations of the extracellular spaces resulting from the premature exfoliation of germ cells. Degenerating cells that are phagocytosed by the Sertoli cells give rise to an accumulation of lipid droplets in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. The loss of germ cells begins with the spermatids, but progressively affects the earlier germ cell types, and tubules with maturation arrest at the level of the spermatocytes or spermatogonia are observed. The Sertoli cells show morphological abnormalities such as dedifferentiation, mitochondrial metaplasia, and multinucleation. Germ cell loss is associated with thickening of the tunica propria. When all seminiferous epithelial cells have disappeared, only an intensely collagenized tunica propria with myoid cells remains (sclerosed tubules). The Ley dig cells progressively dedifferentiate with a decrease in the quantity of both smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, together with an accumulation of lipid droplets, crystalline inclusions, and residual bodies, and formation of multinucleate cells. The development of tubular involution with age is similar to that observed after exprimental ischemia, suggesting that vascular lesions may play an important role in age-related testicular atrophy.     

^125I诱发小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变效应观察

本文选用ICR小鼠为实验动物,腹腔注射不同剂量~(125)I,研究其对小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变发生率影响及动态变化规律。实验结果显示:(1)~(125)I染毒(555kBq)后1d染色体畸变率最高,精原细胞和精母细胞染色体畸变率均为1.8％,但畸变率随时间延长而迅速降低。(2)~(125)I染毒后1d,0、175、555及1665kEq各组精原细胞染色体畸变率分别为0.14％、0.45％、1.80％及2.65％;精母细胞染色体畸变率分别为0.13％、0.60％、1.80％及2.20％,经行列X~2检验,各组间差别均有显著意义。本文结果进一步揭示了~(125)I对哺乳动物有潜在的遗传危害。     

局部照射和全身照射诱发小鼠精原细胞染色体畸变的比较

本文对X线照射小鼠睾丸组织和全身均匀照射诱发精原细胞染色体易位率进行了比较。两种不同照射方式所诱发的易位率都随剂量增加而增高,其剂量效应关系均符合y=a+bD关系式。全身照射明显高于局部受照,从而提示用全身均匀照射的遗传风险来估价睾丸组织受照的遗传效应是不适宜的,它过高的估价了遗传危险度。因此对常见的生殖器官局部受照的遗传危害,应该用局部照射的资料来评估,更接近实际。     

小剂量X射线照射诱发小鼠精原干细胞染色体易位的剂量效应关系

用剂量为0、0.05、0.25、0.50、0.75和1.00Gy剂量率为0.05Gy/min 的 X 射线,对小白鼠分别进行一次性全身均匀照射,照射后60天,观察精原干细胞染色体易位率。观察结果表明,易位率(?)随受照剂量 D 的增加而增加,二者可拟合成直线回归方程(?)=0.12+1.94D。与关有人的资料相比,小鼠精原干细胞染色体易位率约是人的50%。