Effect of vibration condition and inter-particle frictions on the packing of uniform spheres

We present a numerical study of the packing of uniform spheres under three-dimensional vibration using the discrete element method (DEM), focusing on the effects of vibration condition (amplitude and frequency) and inter-particle frictions (sliding and rolling frictions). The results are analysed in terms of packing density, coordination number (CN), radial distribution function (RDF) and pore structure. It is shown that increasing either the vibration amplitude or frequency causes packing density to increase initially to a maximum and then decrease. Both vibration frequency and amplitude should be considered to characterize the effect of vibration process on packing structure. The sliding and rolling frictions between particles can decrease packing density since they dissipate energy, although the effect of rolling friction is less significant. In line with the change of packing density, microstructural properties such as CN, RDF and pore distribution also change: a looser packing often corresponds to smaller CN, less peaked RDF and larger but more widely distributed pores.     

用数采器对空压机进行状态监测预报

通过几个典型事例的分析、判断和处理，介绍了该厂怎样利用９１ｌ型数采器对２Ｄ１２—１００／８型空压机运行状态进行监测，以预报早期故障，为设备检修提供指导．     

自卸车驾驶室振动对标测试与分析

针对某厂商研制的无副梁自卸车,为验证其更换主梁后驾驶室舒适性是否有所改善,进行不同速度及路况下的驾驶室振动测试试验,并与有副梁原型自卸车进行对标,采用时域与频域数据处理方法对结果进行分析,结果显示扭曲路面下无副梁自卸车的驾驶室舒适性有所改善,但对于4Hz以下的振动,其车架的隔振效果较弱。在碎石路面与平坦路面下无副梁自卸车满载时,其车架的隔振效果要明显好于对标自卸车,但在碎石路面空载时,其隔振效果则较弱。     

数控车床振动的控制Ⅰ:振源与力学模型

本文论述了数控车床的振源，建立了三种力学模型，并进行了分析，为数控机床的数学模型的建立和振动的控制打下了基础。     

The effect of vibration on the skeleton, joints and muscles. A review of the literature

Owing to the elasticity and plasticity of the skeleton, joints and muscles, the musculoskeletal system is capable of absorbing and damping mechanical vibration without damage as long as the vibration level is within tolerable limits. However, technical developments have led to the exposure of many people to intolerable variation levels with destructive changes as a result.

These injuries to the musculoskeletal system continue to be the subject of research interest. Initially, the joints and joint complaints attracted the greatest attention. Vibration damping takes place mainly in the joints. The incidence of destructive joint changes has been examined in comprehensive clinical, epidemiological and radiographic studies, mainly concentrating on the joints of the hand and arm. The response of muscles to vibration is often expressed in the form of a tonic vibration reflex (TVR) which arises as a result of stimulation of the muscle spindles and therefore resembles the classic tonic stretch reflex. There is increased muscular activation for stabilisation of the joint positions, especially during whole-body vibration. Studies have also disclosed how vibration affects body equilibrium and equilibrium control and how vibration can elicit muscle pain, cramps and reduced muscular strength.     

Walking-Induced Floor Vibration Case Studies

Excessive floor vibration due to walking is an important serviceability condition to be considered in building design. This paper presents several case studies of problem floors. The case studies include complaints about office, classroom, and retail spaces where vibration levels were found disturbing. In each of these cases, the cause of the vibration was due to people walking around the space. These case studies are presented to reinforce the existence of this problem, to describe nonstructural factors that affect the behavior of floors, and to provide new data to the design and research communities.     

A system for powder transport based on piezoelectrically excited ultrasonic progressive waves

The transport and dosage of granular materials are an important part of Process Engineering. Thereby, the food, chemical, pharmaceutical and coating industries set high demands on the transport and dosage performances of the used plants. In this context, Ultrasound Process Technology in the past years has developed itself into an attractive alternative compared to presently used classical technologies.

This paper describes the application of ultrasonic progressive waves in a powder-feeding device. The use of a specific pipe material with appropriate damping characteristics allows to generate a progressive wave using a single piezoelectric actuator. Small objects can be carried along the surface of a pipe by the elliptic motion at the surface, which is the result of a flexural progressive wave. The operational principle is the same as in travelling wave ultrasonic motors.

It was experimentally confirmed that the device can be used for feeding and supplying small amounts of powder. The powder-fed performance, however, strongly depends on environmental conditions, so that a control of the system is required. Construction and characteristics of a trial device are shown.     

散斑检测技术及其应用

综述了散斑计量中的主要检测技术。主题包括散斑照相技术、散斑干涉技术、电子散斑干涉技术、数字散斑相关技术和时间序列散斑检测技术。介绍了散斑计量在科学和工程研究中的一些重要应用。     

振动监测在强夯试验中的应用

以工程实例为基础,较深入地探讨了强夯试验中振动监测在确定最大夯击数、划分强夯振动影响范围以及计算地基能量吸收系数等方面的应用。     

土石坝动力反应分析

土石坝动力反应分析是土石坝力学计算中较为复杂和困难的课题。原因之一在于计算中选用的土石料和混凝土的动力本构模型与实际状态模拟有误 ;之二在于计算中动力平衡方程求解的复杂。本文试就动力反应的分析进行尝试 ,文中的计算方法在实际工程中得到验证 ,对于浙江溪口抽水蓄能电站上库面板堆石坝和四川清平水库面板堆石坝的计算分析得出合理有效的结果。1　动力本构模型1 .1　土石料动力本构模型土石料的动力性质较为复杂 ,它随振动频率而变化 ;剪切模量和阻尼比随动剪应变而变化。目前描述土石的动应力应变关系的模型有双线形模型、仑贝…