Numerical Simulation of High Mach Number Astrophysical Jets with Radiative Cooling

Computational fluid dynamics simulations using the WENO-LF method are applied to high Mach number nonrelativistic astrophysical jets, including the effects of radiative cooling. Our numerical methods have allowed us to simulate astrophysical jets at much higher Mach numbers than have been attained (Mach 20) in the literature. Our simulations of the HH 1-2 astrophysical jets are at Mach 80. Simulations at high Mach numbers and with radiative cooling are essential for achieving detailed agreement with the astrophysical images.     

低能聚变反应中的电子屏蔽效应

简要介绍了天体物理感兴趣能区带电粒子核反应中的电子屏蔽效应的实验及理论研究。为深入了解电子屏蔽效应的机制，在鲁尔大学DTL实验室1.0kV加速器上采用一系列氘化金属靶、氘化绝缘体靶和氘化半导体靶进行了D(d，p)T反应的研究。实验结果表明，大多数氘化金属靶中的电子屏蔽效应较大，而氘化绝缘体靶和氘化半导体靶中的电子屏蔽效应相对较小。在对金属中的电子做准自由近似后，应用经典的德拜模型可对氘化金属靶的结果给出一种合理的解释，验证实验正在进行中。从实验数据中还可得到有关各种材料对氘的吸附能力方面的信息。     

利用镜像核转移反应研究短寿命不稳定核(p,γ)反应

介绍利用中子转移反应和镜像核的电荷对称性来间接研究丰质子核的(p,γ)反应。该方法有助于更充分地利用北京HI-13串列加速器次级束流线(GIRAFFE)上现有次级束流，拓宽其实验研究范围，间接得出质子辐射俘获截面（或反应率）且减小其不确定性（相对于已有数据）。在GIRAFFE上利用逆运动学测量了⁸Li(d,p)⁹Li反应的角分布，通过该方法间接确定了天体物理重要反应⁸B(p,γ)⁹C的直接俘获贡献。作为不同于以往的方法，给⁸B(p,γ)⁹C反应的现有研究结果提供了一独立的交叉检验。分析²⁶Mg(d,p)²⁷Mg反应基态、第一、第二激发态的角分布，间接确定²⁶Si(p,γ)²⁷P反应的直接和共振俘获贡献，首次从实验上导出²⁶Si(p,γ)²⁷P反应的直接俘获贡献。此方法也可以用于其它一系列重要的天体物理反应的研究。     

Monte Carlo simulation for internal radiation dosimetry based on the high resolution Visible Chinese Human

The internal radiation dose calculations based on Chinese models is important in nuclear medicine. Most of the existing models are based on the physical and anatomical data of Caucasian, whose anatomical structure and physiological parameters are quite different from the Chinese, may lead significant effect on internal radiation.Therefore, it is necessary to establish the model based on the Chinese ethnic characteristics, and applied to radiation dosimetry calculation. In this study, a voxel model was established based on the high resolution Visible Chinese Human(VCH). The transport procedure of photon and electron was simulated using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code.Absorbed fraction(A.F) and specific absorbed fraction(SAF) were calculated and S-factors and mean absorbed doses for organs with 99roTe located in liver were also obtained. In comparison with those of VIP-Man and MIRD models,discrepancies were found to be correlated with the racial and anatomical differences in organ mass and inter-organ distance. The internal dosimetry data based on other models that were used to apply to Chinese adult population are replaced with Chinese specific data. The obtained results provide a reference for nuclear medicine, such as dose verification after surgery and potential radiation evaluation for radionuclides in preclinical research, etc.     

恒星中子源~(13)C(α,n)~(16)O反应的研究

13 C(α,n)16 O是渐进巨星支(AGB)星中慢速中子俘获(s)过程的主中子源反应,而17 O 6.356 MeV1/2+阈下共振对13 C(α,n)16 O反应影响很大。本文使用HI-13串列加速器和Q3D磁谱仪,首次测量了13C(11B,7Li)17 O转移反应角分布,确定了影响13C(α,n)16 O反应最关键、最不确定的17 O(Ex=6.356MeV)阈下共振态的α宽度,从而得出天体物理能区13 C(α,n)16 O反应的天体物理S因子和反应率,澄清了国际上已有S因子数据间高达25倍的巨大分歧。AGB星s过程核合成网络计算表明:新反应率数据导致恒星中铅的丰度增加了25%。     

Ions in space

We review the detection history, observation, distribution, and reactivity of molecular ions in extraterrestrial space, with particular (though not exclusive) reference to interstellar monocations. The diversity of interstellar ion chemistry is highlighted with reaction examples, drawn from the authors' own laboratories and elsewhere, and attempt to provide an overview of this broad and increasingly divergent field. Emphasis is given to the role of ions in the synthesis of molecules, including their ability to catalyze the transformation of neutral molecules.     

天体物理重要反应13N(p,γ)14O的实验研究

¹³N(p,γ)¹⁴O是高温CNO循环中的关键反应,对恒星能量产生机制及其演化的研究具有重要意义。利用北京HI-13串列加速器次级束流线产生的13N放射性束测量了质心系能量为8.9MeV的¹³N(d,n)¹⁴O反应的角分布,导出了¹⁴O基态渐进归一化系数（ANC）为(29.4±5.3)fm^-1。此外,使用镜像核的电荷对称性,通过分析¹³C(d,p)¹⁴C反应的角分布,导出了与实验一致的¹⁴O基态质子ANC。使用最新开发出的R矩阵程序,导出¹³N(p,γ)¹⁴O反应在高温CNO循环中的天体物理S因子和反应率。将此数据代入核天体物理反应的网络程序进行计算,结果表明,新星中CNO循环产生的能量比原有的结果多5%,这可能会对新星的演化有一定的影响。