N_2S_2或N_3S型配体的合成、~(99)Tc~m标记及生物分布研究

以MAG3为基本分子骨架，根据构效关系，分别引入合适的天然氨基酸，设计合成了4种N2S2或N3S型小分子多肽新配体，并通过了IR，^1H NMR,^13C NMR,MS谱学鉴定和元素分析表征。采用葡庚糖酸钙（GH）交换法对4个配体进行了^99Tc^m标记，研究了配合物在小鼠体内的生物分布特征。结果表明，^99Tc^m-MVGG肾摄取较高，滞留时间较长，血清除快，且肾与其它组织的活度比值高，具备成为肾功能显像剂的条件；^99Tc^m-MPGG肾初始摄取较高，R（肾／血）活度比值高，但肾清除较快，R（肾／肝）活度比值较低；^99Tc^m-MVTC和^99Tc^m－MPTC心肌初始摄取均较高，但在心肌和血中的清除速度较快。     

Modulation of Biodistribution,Pharmacokinetics, and Photosensitivity with the Delivery Vehicle of a Bacteriochlorin Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy

Intravenous (i.v.) formulations with various amounts of organic solvents [PEG₄₀₀, propylene glycol (PG), cremophor EL (CrEL)] were used to deliver a fluorinated sulfonamide bacteriochlorin to mice, rats, and minipigs. Biodistribution studies in mice showed that a low‐content CrEL formulation combines high bioavailability with high tumor‐to‐muscle and tumor‐to‐skin ratios. This formulation was also the most successful in the photodynamic therapy of mice with subcutaneously implanted CT26 murine colon adenocarcinoma tumors. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice and minipigs revealed that with the same low CrEL formulation, the half‐life of the photosensitizer in the central compartment was longer in minipigs. Differences in biodistribution with the various formulations, and in pharmacokinetics between the two animal species with the same formulation, are attributed to the interaction of the formulations with low‐density lipoproteins (LDLs). Skin photosensitivity studies in rats showed that 30 min exposure of the skin to a solar simulator 7 days after i.v. administration of the fluorinated sulfonamide bacteriochlorin at 1 mg kg^?1 did not elicit significant skin reactions.     

一种潜在5-HT1A脑受体显像剂99Tcm-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2的制备及其生物性能

优化合成了含有1-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪(MPP)结构的配体2-(4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基)乙胺-6-叔丁基氧羰基肼基吡啶-3-甲酸(HYNIC-MPP2).在室温下以N,N-二(2-羟基乙基)氨基乙酸(Bicine)为共配体制备得到配合物~(99)Tc~m-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2,其放射化学纯度大于95%,并且在6 h内保持稳定.脂水分配系数和电泳实验结果表明,该放射性标记配合物是水溶性和电中性的.正常小鼠体内生物分布实验结果表明,~(99)Tc~m-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2有一定的脑摄取(注射后2 min时为0.31%ID/g).脑区域分布及抑制实验显示,该配合物在5-HT_(1A)受体含量丰富的海马组织有较高摄取(注射后2 min时为1.00%ID/g),而在受体含量低的小脑组织中摄取也低(注射后2 min时为0.63%ID/g).抑制后,海马摄取降低较多(注射后2 min时为0.42%ID/g),而小脑摄取则无明显变化.抑制前后海马/小脑比值分别为1.59和0.89.由此可见该标记配合物与5-HT_(1A)受体具有一定特异性结合,是一种新的潜在5-HT_(1A)受体显像剂.     

Advances in Bioapplications of Carbon Nanotubes

This progress report provides an overview on recent advances in bioapplications of carbon nanotubes including the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes, targeting specifically their covalent and noncovalent conjugations with a variety of biological and bioactive species (proteins and peptides, DNAs/RNAs, and carbohydrates). Furthermore, the significant recent development and progress in the use of carbon nanotubes for biosensors, drug and other delivery systems, bioimaging, etc. and in the understanding of in vivo biodistribution and toxicity of carbon nanotubes are reported.     

Magnetic nanoparticles: recent developments in drug delivery system

Nanostructured functional materials have demonstrated their great potentials in medical applications, attracting increasing attention because of the opportunities in cancer therapy and the treatment of other ailments. This article reviews the problems and recent advances in the development of magnetic NPs for drug delivery.     

99mTc(CO)3-PNP5新型配合物的初步研究

采用两步法成功制备了99mTc(CO)3-PNP5新型配合物，优化了标记条件，标记率大于90%，并对其生物性能进行初步研究。理化性质研究表明：99mTc(CO)3-PNP5是一种体外稳定性好、具有一定脂溶性的阳离子配合物。小鼠生物分布研究表明：99mTc(CO)3-PNP5在心肌中有一定的初始摄取和较好的滞留；血和肺的初始摄取较低，清除较快；肝中的初始摄取高，而清除迅速。而引入Tween-80后，配合物在小鼠中的心肌初始摄取较高，滞留较好；肝中初始摄取较低且清除很快，心/肝比高，明显改善了配合物99mTc(CO)3-PNP5的生物性能。     

Synthesis of 2‐[18F]Fluoro‐2‐deoxyisosorbide 5‐mononitrate and Assessment of Its in vivo Biodistribution as Determined by Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Herein we disclose the synthesis of 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyisosorbide 5‐mononitrate (2F‐IS‐5MN), a fluorinated analogue of the commonly prescribed vasodilator isosorbide 5‐mononitrate (IS‐5MN). X‐ray structural data for IS‐5MN and its C2‐epimeric congener IM‐5MN are presented together with structural data for 2F‐IS‐5MN. Radioisotope labeling of 2F‐IS‐5MN has, for the first time, allowed observation of the in vivo biodistribution of this organic nitrate by means of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) in wild‐type mice.     

~(99)Tc~m-膦混配配合物的制备和生物分布

合成了一个N3S配体（MVNM）和4个膦配体，并以配体交换法在室温下制备了^99Tc^m－MVNM，然后分别与4个膦配体发生混配反应，得到放化纯大于90％的^99Tc^m－MVNM－膦混配配合物。小鼠体内的生物分布实验表明，该类混配配合物有一定的心肌摄取。     

Radioiodine-Labeling of Chlorpyrifos and Its Biodistribution in Mice

To investigate the preparation of radioiodinated Chlorpyrifos and its biodistribution in mice, Chlorpyrifos was labeled with¹³¹I using the Iodogen method. Biodistribution studies were carried out in KM mice. At different times after radiopharmaceutical i.v. administration (185 kBq¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos/mouse, n=5), the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples and the tissues of interested were collected, weighted and counted. The percentage of injected does per gram (%ID/g) was calculated for each sample. The labeling yield of ¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos was 93.5%, The radiochemical purity (RCP) was 96.9%. Biodistribution in mice demonstrated that¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos was extensive, and the uptakes mainly occur in lung, stomach, small-intestine, colon, musle, and submaxillay gland, as indicated by their amount of 37.12%ID/g, 6.18%ID/g, 8.12%ID/g, 8.15%ID/g, 7.04%ID/g, and 7.02%ID/g at 10 min, respectively. And it was metabolized in liver and kidney, as indicated by their uptake of 4.34%ID/g and 8.50%ID/g at 5 min, and 0.22%ID/g and 0.69%ID/g at 4 h, respectively. In addition,¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos was cleared out from blood quickly, and the uptake of¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos in blood was 37.27%ID/g at 5 min, and decreased to 1.35%ID/g at 4 h post injection. In conclusion, ¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos was stable in vitro and it was absorbed in lung and digestive tract, and it was metabolized mainly in liver and kidney, worthy of further investigation to trace the compound in vivo and in vitro.