Polishing of zirconia ceramics by chemically-induced micro-nano bubbles

This study introduces micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) in the process of polishing zirconia ceramics through sodium borohydride hydrolysis to assist in polishing yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Compared with conventional silica sol, the material removal rate using this MNB-assisted technology is increased by 261.4%, and a lower surface roughness of 1.28 nm can be obtained. Raman, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to study the structural changes and phase stability of the YSZ during different polishing periods. The results show that MNBs are the key factor promoting the transformation from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase on the surface of the YSZ during polishing. The H₂O molecules (or OH^? ions) on the surface of the YSZ are driven by the thermal kinetic energy of the micro-jets formed by the collapse of micro-bubbles, and they permeate to occupy more oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice. Atomic force microscopy and nano-indentation tests show that the micro-protrusions on the surface of the YSZ preferentially undergo phase transformation, and their hardness decreases. This promotes abrasives to preferentially remove rough spots on the surface and achieve more efficient polishing. We believe this work adds valuable insights regarding low-temperature degradation and ultra-precise machining of YSZ ceramic materials.     

Rinsing effect of alkaline electrolyzed water on nickel surfaces

The improvement in the surface cleanliness of electroplated nickel by rinsing in alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) was determined. When the nickel plated sample was rinsed with the AEW, it was found that the amount of residual sulfate ion on the surface of a sample decreased approximately by half compared to one rinsed only with de-ionized pure water. Because nanosize hydrogen bubbles are present in the AEW, and the zeta-potential has a negative value, we then surmised that the mechanism of rinsing was as follows: The sulfate ions are selectively absorbed on the nanosize colloidal hydrogen bubbles, or substituted for anions absorbed on the hydrogen bubbles. The sulfate ions absorbed on the nickel surface then become detached. The detached sulfate ions are absorbed on the surface of the hydrogen bubbles, and negatively charge the hydrogen bubbles. It can be considered that any detached sulfate ions do not re-adhere due to the electrical repulsion force of the negatively charged nickel surface. Thus the sample is efficiently rinsed.     

塑料旋转成型的特点与研究

介绍了塑料旋转成型的原理和主要特点，对旋转成型制品中易出现的气泡和弯曲，收缩现象，以及冲击强度低的原因进行了分析研究，相应地提出了减少或消除旋转成型制品中的气泡，减少或消除制品收缩和弯曲，以及提高制品冲击强度的主要途径。     

Mass transfer from Taylor bubbles rising in single capillaries

Gas-liquid mass transfer from Taylor bubbles rising in 1, 2 and 3 mm diameter capillaries of circular and square cross-sections was investigated for air-water system. The liquid-phase volumetric mass transfer coefficient k_La was obtained from experimental oxygen absorption dynamics. The experimental k_La values are in good agreement with the model developed by van Baten and Krishna (2004. Chemical Engineering Science 59, 2535-2545), with the additional assumption that the dominant mass transfer contribution is to the film surrounding the bubble.     

液氮温区固-液复合绝缘气体小桥对沿面放电的影响

采用IEC脉冲电流法(IEC60270标准)对液氮温区超导复合绝缘沿面放电现象及其影响因素进行了研究。在六面屏蔽的局部放电实验室内,研究了不同放电条件对放电起始电压、放电量、击穿电压等的影响,进而研究了其作用机理,并用有限元方法开展了相关计算。实验数据表明,不同放电条件明显影响放电重复率、平均放电量、最大放电量等,放电产生的气泡越容易逸出,放电越严重;液氮的流动使放电起始电压有一定的升高,但对最终击穿电压影响不大;在放电通道上施加阻挡之后可明显提高最终的闪络击穿电压。     

Simulation of Bubble Motion under Gravity by Lattice Boltzmann Method

We describe the numerical simulation results of bubble motion under gravity by the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM), which assumes that a fluid consists of mesoscopic fluid particles repeating collision and translation and a multiphase interface is reproduced in a self-organizing way by repulsive interaction between different kinds of particles. The purposes in this study are to examine the applicability of LBM to the numerical analysis of bubble motions, and to develop a three-dimensional version of the binary fluid model that introduces a free energy function. We included the buoyancy terms due to the density difference in the lattice Boltzmann equations, and simulated single- and two-bubble motions, setting flow conditions according to the Eötvös and Morton numbers. The two-dimensional results by LBM agree with those by the Volume of Fluid method based on the Navier-Stokes equations. The three-dimensional model possesses the surface tension satisfying the Laplace's law, and reproduces the motion of single bubble and the two- bubble interaction of their approach and coalescence in circular tube. These results prove that the buoyancy terms and the 3D model proposed here are suitable, and that LBM is useful for the numerical analysis of bubble motion under gravity.     

Charge coupled device based on optical tomography system in detecting air bubbles in crystal clear water

Optical tomography is one of the tomography methods which are non-invasive and non-intrusive system, consisting of emitter with detectors. Most of the available detectors systems are intrusive where sensors or probes need to be placed within the analyzed processes and this will create disturbances in the current processes. This research are conducted in order to analyze and proved the capability of laser with Charge Coupled Device in an optical tomography system for detecting air bubbles exist in crystal clear water. Experiments in detecting moving air bubbles are conducted. The images of captured data are reconstructed based on filtered image of Linear Back Projection with Hybrid algorithms. As a conclusion, this research have successfully developed an optical tomography system that capable to capture the image and measure the diameter and velocity of rising air bubbles in a non-flowing crystal clear water.     

关于钢管混凝土浇筑产生气泡问题的试验研究

在大连期货大厦采用的小截面(600mm×600mm)方钢管混凝土柱框筒结构体系中,钢管混凝土浇筑施工工艺是项目施工组织的重要课题之一。由于截面过小,内部横隔板等结构复杂,采用传统浇筑法及顶升法均不可行,经综合分析,项目拟采用高抛免振工艺浇筑自密实混凝土。在等比例浇筑试验的过程中,发现方钢管内部构件横隔板节点下方存在气泡。针对气泡的产生机制及对结构的影响,通过进一步的试验验证以确定能否采用及如何采用高抛免振的浇筑工艺。从问题背景出发,详述试验设计、实施、结果分析及所得结论,验证减少气泡的方法以及气泡对结构受力影响不大两方面内容,为采用高抛免振的混凝土浇筑施工工艺提供重要实证依据。     

Rapid and large‐scale separation of magnetic nanoparticles by low‐field permanent magnet with gas assistance

Bubbles can be used to greatly improve the speed of magnetic separation (MS) and overcome the limitation of magnetic force on the capture distance, making low‐field MS highly efficient and easily scalable. This novel method leads to the development of a medium‐free continuous gas‐assisted magnetic separator on small pilot scale using low‐field permanent magnet. This separator is demonstrated highly efficient for recovery of proteins‐loaded magnetic nanoparticles from large volume biosuspension. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3101–3106, 2014