Flame characteristics of premixed H2-air mixtures explosion venting in a spherical container through a duct

The explosion venting duct can effectively reduce the hazard degree of a gas explosion and conduct the venting energy to the safe area. To investigate the flame quantitative propagation law of explosion venting with a duct, the effects of hydrogen fraction and explosion venting duct length on jet flame propagation characteristics of premixed H₂-air mixtures were analyzed through experiment and simulation. The experiment results under initial conditions of room temperature and 1 atm show that when hydrogen fraction was high enough, part of the unburned hydrogen was mixed with air again to reach an ignitable concentration, resulting in the secondary combustion was easier produced and the duration of the secondary flame increased. With the increase of venting duct length, the flame front distance and propagation velocity increased. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of pressure field and temperature field, and the propagation process and mechanism of the flame venting with a duct were analyzed using FLUENT software. The variation of the pressure wave and the pressure reflection oscillation law in the explosion venting duct was captured. Therefore, in the industrial explosion venting design with a duct, the hazard caused by the coupling of venting pressure and venting flame under different fractions should be considered comprehensively.     

板栅模具设计中的几个问题

通过对板栅模具设计中遇到的几个实际问题的分析提出处理意见 ,从而达到科学合理地设计板栅模具。     

排气系统在注射模中的应用

介绍了排气系统在注射模中的重要性,排气系统位置的选择,排气系统的种类以及应用等     

短纤维增强透气性莫来石/铁(A3S2/Fe)复合材料烧结特性的研究

本文研究了A₃S₂/Fe复合材料的烧结特性、透气性和纤维增强效果,分析了烧结过程中材料宏观结构和微观组织的形成机理.实验结果表明:纤维增强A₃S₂/Fe复合材料在900～1000℃具有良好的烧结性能,烧成后表层存在一定厚度的硬化层;纤维增强效果显着.材料抗压强度达17～23MPa,相对透气系数为4.30～9.69cm3/(cm2·s·atm).已能满足实际应用的需要.     

木塑复合材料制品一步法挤出成型技术的研究

介绍了木塑复合材料制品一步法挤出成型中常见的5种挤出设备,提出了选择这些设备时需要考虑的一些因素,分析了木塑复合制品挤出成型技术中温度、压力、喂料和排气等问题产生的原因。并结合实验和理论,从螺杆、机筒、机头设计和加料器选择等方面提出了解决这些问题的措施。     

Containment control of multi‐agent systems by exploiting the control inputs of neighbors

This paper studies the containment control problem for multi‐agent systems consisting of multiple leaders and followers connected as a network. The objective is to design control protocols so that the leaders will converge to a certain desired formation while the followers converge to the convex hull of the leaders. A novel protocol is proposed by exploiting the control input information of neighbors. Both continuous‐time and discrete‐time systems are considered. For continuous‐time systems, it is proved that the protocol is robust to any constant delays of the neighbors' control inputs. For discrete‐time systems, a sufficient condition on the feedback gain for the containment control is given in terms of the time delay and graph information. Some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双向旋转梯形槽干气密封流场的数值模拟

介绍一种用作抑制密封的新型泵用双向旋转梯形槽干气密封,并定义了该密封的主要几何结构参数.基于气体润滑理论,建立了梯形槽干气密封端面流场的数值计算模型.利用Fluent软件对流场进行数值模拟,获得了端面气膜压力分布、气流速度场、开启力及泄漏率等数据,并分析了端面槽深、槽宽比、吸入角和槽长坝长比对端面开启力、泄漏率这2个主要密封性能参数的影响规律,发现该密封的开启力与泄漏率均随槽深、槽宽比和槽长坝长比的增大而增大,随吸入角的增大而减小.研究结果为双向旋转梯形槽干气密封的设计和进一步研究提供了参考.     

Semi‐global and global containment control of multi‐agent systems with second‐order dynamics and input saturation

This paper considers both semi‐global and global containment control for a second‐order multi‐agent system that is composed by a network of identical harmonic oscillators or double integrators with multiple leaders and input saturation. A distributed low gain feedback algorithm is proposed to solve the semi‐global containment control problem for the network whose topology is directed and initial condition is taken from any a priori given bounded set. In particular, by using a parametric Lyapunov equation approach, M‐matrix properties and algebraic graph theory, an upper bound of the low gain parameter is estimated such that the low gain feedback matrix can be analytically determined without involving numerical computation. Furthermore, under the assumption that the induced subgraph formed by the followers is strongly connected and detail balanced, two linear feedback protocols are designed for coupled harmonic oscillators and coupled double integrators, respectively, to asymptotically achieve the global containment control of the network with any initial condition. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Independence of Containing Patterns Property and Its Application in Tree Pattern Query Rewriting Using Views

We show that several classes of tree patterns observe the independence of containing patterns property, that is, if a pattern is contained in the union of several patterns, then it is contained in one of them. We apply this property to two related problems on tree pattern rewriting using views. First, given view V and query Q, is it possible for Q to have an equivalent rewriting using V which is the union of two or more tree patterns, but not an equivalent rewriting which is a single pattern? This problem is of both theoretical and practical importance because, if the answer is no, then, to find an equivalent rewriting of a tree pattern using a view, we should use more efficient methods, such as the polynomial time algorithm of Xu and Özsoyoglu (2005), rather than try to find the union of all contained rewritings (which takes exponential time in the worst case) and test its equivalence to Q. Second, given a set S of views, we want to know under what conditions a subset S′ of S is redundant in the sense that for any query Q, the contained rewritings of Q using the views in S′ are contained in those using the views in S???S′. Solving this problem can help us to, for example, choose the minimum number of views to be cached, or better design the virtual schema in a mediated data integration system, or avoid repeated calculation in query optimization. For the first problem, we identify several classes of tree patterns for which the equivalent rewriting can be expressed as a single tree pattern. For the second problem, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for S′ to be redundant with respect to some classes of tree patterns. For both problems we consider extension to cases where there are rewritings using the intersection of multiple views and/or where a schema graph is present.     

PDE-based event-triggered containment control of multi-agent systems with input delay under spatial boundary communication

This article studies the containment control problem for multi-agent systems with input delay under spatial boundary communication by employing an event-based approach. Firstly, the collective dynamics of multi-agent systems are described as parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Applying the integral transformation method developed in PDEs, the delayed parabolic PDEs are transformed into a series of new coupled PDE-PDE systems. Then, by taking the spatial boundary communication scheme into account and using the local boundary information, two boundary containment control protocols together with a dynamic event-triggered scheme (DETS) are designed, such that the states of all followers converge to a convex hull formed by multiple leader agents with and without input delay. The optimal protocols are given by minimizing the 2-norm of the designed control gain matrix, and the exclusion of the Zeno behavior is analyzed. Finally, a numerical simulation example is provided to support the main results.