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排序方式: 共有238条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
A heavy crude oil has been treated with deuterated alkylating reagents (CD3I and C2D5I) and directly analyzed without any prior fractionation and chromatographic separation by high-field Orbitrap Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FTMS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI). The reaction of a polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) dibenzothiophene (DBT), in the presence of silver tetrafluoroborate (AgBF4) with ethyl iodide (C2H5I) in anhydrous dichloroethane (DCE) was optimized as a sample reaction to study heavy crude oil mixtures, and the reaction yield was monitored and determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The obtained conditions were then applied to a mixture of standard aromatic CH-, N-, O- and S-containing compounds and then a heavy crude oil, and only sulfur-containing compounds were selectively alkylated. The deuterium labeled alkylating reagents, iodomethane-d3 (CD3I) and iodoethane-d5 (C2D5I), were employed to the alkylation of heavy crude oil to selectively differentiate the tagged sulfur species from the original crude oil. 相似文献
2.
Hydrogen is the lightest element in nature, and so, its detection and quantitative analysis is difficult by the conventional
methods utilized for other elements. In the recent years the technique of elastic recoil detection analysis (ERD) using 1–2
MeV He+ beam has been developed to quantitatively and simultaneously analyze hydrogen and its isotopes in solids. Such a facility
has been set up using the 2 MeV Van-de-Graaff accelerator at IIT Kanpur. It facilitates H and D analysis in a material up
to a depth of ∼ 1μm with a detection sensitivity of 0·1 at.% and depth resolution of about 300 ?. The application potential of this setup is
illustrated by presenting the results of measurements performed on Al:H:D systems prepared by plasma source ion implantation
and highT
c YBCO pellets exposed to humid atmosphere. 相似文献
3.
Time-of-flight spectroscopy (TOF) and REMPI-TOF (resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization-TOF) were applied to measure the
angular and translational energy distribution, as well as the internal state resolved energy distribution of desorption and
reaction products on some model systems. Desorption of hydrogen and deuterium from clean and modified Pd(111) surfaces was
studied, where the palladium sample was part of a permeation source. Water formation by reaction of oxygen with hydrogen on
palladium was investigated by using different types of hydrogen supply: molecular H2 exposure and atomic H exposure from the gas phase, as well as H exposure by permeating hydrogen. Vanadium oxide nanostructures
on Pd(111) were prepared and the influence on D2 desorption and D2O production was investigated with the permeation technique. Additionally, deuterium desorption from sulfur and oxygen covered
V(111) and V(100) surfaces was studied by TOF and REMPI-TOF spectroscopy. From the TOF spectra information concerning the
reaction and desorption dynamics (activation barriers) could be gained. 相似文献
4.
作为面向等离子体材料,钨(W)在服役的过程中不仅受到等离子体造成的高能热负荷的作用,还受到高束流粒子如氘(D)、氚(T)、氦(He)等的轰击和D-T聚变反应产生的高能中子的影响。W中D、T、He的滞留和起泡,仍是聚变堆装置中有待解决的关键问题之一。综述了D、T和He的滞留行为及其气泡形成与辐照条件之间的关系,简要评述了W的服役性能和强化机理。通过降低W中D/He滞留量、抑制气泡的形成可有效改善W的服役性能。深入研究D/He滞留行为与辐照缺陷之间的相互作用关系,进而构建D/He的宏观热脱附行为与其微观状态之间的对应关系,为寻找合适途径来改善W的服役性能提供理论支撑。 相似文献
5.
Nontritium-breeding D-T reactors have decisive advantages in minimum size, unit cost, variety of applications, and ease of heat removal over reactors using any other fusion cycle, and significant advantages in environmental and safety characteristics over breeding D-T reactors. Considerations of relative energy production demonstrate that the most favorable source of tritium for a widely deployed system of nontritium-breeding D-T reactors is the very large (10 GW thermal) semicatalyzed-deuterium (SCD), or sub-SCD reactor, where none of the escaping3He (> 95%) or tritium (< 25%) is reinjected for burn-up. Feasibility of the ignited SCD tokamak reactor requires spatially averaged betas of 15 to 20% with a magnetic field at the TF coils of 12–13 T.On leave from Dept. of Electronic Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 相似文献
6.
环境同位素示踪技术在地热地球化学研究中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了环境同位素示踪技术在地热地球化学研究中的最新应用和进展。包括温泉气体的同位素(He、C)示踪;H、O同位素示踪地下热水的来源及成因;环境同位素方法(T和14C法)确定地下热水的年龄,以及氘过量参数(d)在地热研究中的优势。最后指出,同位素示踪技术与其他分析方法结合才能在地热地球化学研究中发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
7.
《Fusion Engineering and Design》2014,89(11):2666-2671
The development of safe, efficient, and cost effective methods to recover waste components of deuterium–tritium (D–T) plasma reactors, including hydrogen and methane, has attracted much interest in the scientific community. Typically, membrane separators are used for this process, although several problems occur when performing separations at higher temperatures. The application of noble metal catalysts may improve the reaction dynamics and allow the separation process to occur at lower temperatures. In this paper, a series of noble metal catalysts were prepared by a traditional dipping method. Based on an analysis of catalytic performance, the Rh/Al2O3 catalyst was determined to be the most suitable for the exchange of hydrogen and deuterium in methane. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction analyses. The effects of the metal loading and experimental conditions were also investigated. 相似文献
8.
9.
激光预处理技术及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
回顾了国内在激光预处理技术研究方面取得的进展。综述了基于激光预处理技术提升基频介质膜、磷酸二氢钾/高掺氘磷酸二氢钾(KDP/DKDP)晶体等光学元件抗激光损伤性能的机理、效果和关键技术。针对高功率激光驱动器中关键光学元件激光负载能力的提高,建立了大口径光学元件激光预处理平台,实现了基频介质膜元件的激光预处理工程化作业。比较了纳秒和亚纳秒脉冲宽度激光对DKDP晶体损伤性能的影响。基于亚纳秒激光预处理后,纳秒激光辐照至14.4J/cm2(5ns)尚未出现"本征"损伤的实验结果,提出了用于DKDP晶体的亚纳秒激光预处理方案,并指出亚纳秒激光预处理技术将成为高功率激光三倍频晶体抗激光损伤性能达标的关键技术。 相似文献
10.
热解炭原位重整城市固体废物的挥发分是改善热解产物的良好方法。在这个过程中,水蒸气在产品转化中起着重要作用。为了了解水分在重整过程中的作用,本研究中将热解液中的油相和水相分离,然后用D2O代替重整过程中的水相,以跟踪液体、气体和固体之间的氢转移。热解油/焦炭重整过程在600、700和800℃下进行。用GC-MS(气相色谱质谱法)分析重整后液体中的油相;IR-MS(同位素比质谱法)分析重整后液体和固体中的氘浓度。研究发现,在实验温度范围内,水蒸气对焦炭的气化作用非常弱,当D2O/焦炭的比例为2/1时,D2O中2%(质量)的氘在反应后残留在炭中;但水蒸气与热解油的气化反应很强烈,在800℃时,78.68%(质量)的热解液(水油混合物)被气化,且热解油中脂肪烃被大量分解,重整液的油相组分中芳香烃占到96.17%;同时,当D2O/油的比例为2/3时,D2O中59%的氘转移到合成气中。研究结果将为生活垃圾热解处理控制最终产物提供理论指导。 相似文献