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1.
Lauren Folk Kiara Gonzales John Gales Michael Kinsey Elisabetta Carattin Tim Young 《火与材料》2020,44(4):585-606
Practitioners are continuing to develop egress modelling software for the design of the built environment. These models require data about human behaviour and factors for calibration, validation and verification. This study aims to address the specific data and knowledge gap: emergency egress of the elderly. Such data are difficult to collect given privacy and consent concerns, with strong relationships generally being required between residences and researchers. Through the observation of nine fire drills at six Canadian long-term care (LTC) and retirement homes, specific evacuation actions and behaviour were observed for 37 staff members and information about the evacuation of 56 residents was collected. These drills demonstrated that emergency egress in LTC and retirement homes is highly staff dependent with 72% of residents recorded requiring full assistance at all stages of movement in evacuation, and that the type of announced/unannounced drill and level of resident care will affect the type of data collected. The development of travel speed and pre-movement is discussed subject to limitation with qualitative behavioural insights of residents that were observed. This study provides valuable methodological discussion on how to conduct behavioural studies in similar highly restricted research environments. Specific attention is given to understanding the considerations that must be made when using fire drills as data sources, and the impact that these can have on using such data for modelling. This study may inform the initial setup and programming of evacuation models from an actions and behavioural perspectives of staff members and residents. 相似文献
2.
Wesley P. Chan Hiroto Mizohana Xiangyu Chen Yasuto Shiigi Yoshiyuki Yamanoue Masaki Nagatsuka Masayuki Inaba 《野外机器人技术杂志》2019,36(1):17-33
The use of field robots can greatly decrease the amount of time, effort, and associated risk compared to if human workers were to carryout certain tasks such as disaster response. However, transportability and reliability remain two main issues for most current robot systems. To address the issue of transportability, we have developed a lightweight modularizable platform named AeroArm. To address the issue of reliability, we utilize a multimodal sensing approach, combining the use of multiple sensors and sensor types, and the use of different detection algorithms, as well as active continuous closed‐loop feedback to accurately estimate the state of the robot with respect to the environment. We used Challenge 2 of the 2017 Mohammed Bin Zayed International Robotics Competition as an example outdoor manipulation task, demonstrating the capabilities of our robot system and approach in achieving reliable performance in the fields, and ranked fifth place internationally in the competition. 相似文献
3.
Paul Geoerg Florian Berchtold Steven Gwynne Karen Boyce Stefan Holl Anja Hofmann 《火与材料》2019,43(7):759-781
To quantify the evacuation process, evacuation practitioners use engineering egress data describing the occupant movement characteristics. These data are typically based to young and fit populations. However, the movement abilities of occupants who might be involved in evacuations are becoming more variable—with the building populations of today typically including increasing numbers of individuals: with impairments or who are otherwise elderly or generally less mobile. Thus, there will be an increasing proportion of building occupants with reduced ability to egress. For safe evacuation, there is therefore a need to provide valid engineering egress data considering pedestrians with disabilities. Gwynne and Boyce recently compiled a series of data sets related to the evacuation process to support practitioner activities in the chapter Engineering Data in the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. This paper supplements these data sets by providing information on and presenting data obtained from additional research related to the premovement and horizontal movement of participants with physical‐, cognitive‐, or age‐related disabilities. The aim is to provide an overview of currently available data sets related to, and key factors affecting the egress performance of, mixed ability populations which could be used to guide fire safety engineering decisions in the context of building design. 相似文献
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6.
N. N. Radaev A. D. Daragan A. M. Agapov S. P. Voronov D. V. Klopov 《Measurement Techniques》2005,48(3):211-214
Neuronets are considered for processing data on the state of a potentially hazardous object after an emergency. An example is given of processing the data on the state of a potentially hazardous object in increments.Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 6–8, March, 2005. 相似文献
7.
Kai Kang 《Fire Technology》2007,43(4):331-346
This paper presents an emergency evacuation analysis during a mid-platform train fire in an underground rail station. A time-based
evacuation scenario is developed taking into account the stairway inaccessibility due to smoke blockage. The calculation approach
in NFPA 130 is then applied to a parametric study of this time-based scenario and its reliability is examined using a micro-simulation
model. Both methods give consistent predictions of the exiting times. The results demonstrate that with the division of the
station into two zones, the exiting time could not meet the code requirements, whereas it does meet the required exiting time
without the division. Such division is due to smoke blockage and creates an uneven ratio of the occupant load to the available
exiting capacity. This shows that appropriate consideration of the fire and smoke effects is important for station egress
evaluation. Other issues such as the fire growth rate and the pre-evacuation time are also discussed. 相似文献
8.
氧气生产单位保用户用气一旦出现较为紧张的局面时,如何正确处理保安全生产运行、保用户生产、安排抢修时间三者之间的关系,值得关注与研究。 相似文献
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10.
李一波 《安徽建筑工业学院学报》2007,15(2):53-55
文章从高层建筑的火灾特点出发,分析了高层民用建筑安全疏散的重要性和必要性,并结合高层民用建筑安全疏散通道因素存在的问题提出了若干对策,以求更好地满足现代高层建筑对消防安全的需要. 相似文献