Evaluation of Handheld Radionuclide Identifiers

Characterization of commercially available instruments for measurement and identification of unknown radionuclides was carried out in support of the development and testing of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard, N42.34, “Performance Criteria for Hand-held Instruments for the Detection and Identification of Radionuclides.” Measurements were based on the performance of the devices, i.e., the capability of the detectors to ensure a correct radionuclide identification in a given time interval for various radioactive sources.     

NBR/PVC橡塑合金辐射防护材料的制备及性能研究

为了满足辐射防护的要求以及发展结构功能一体化柔性防护材料的需求,研制了一种新型的橡塑合金复合防护材料。通过力学性能和屏蔽性能测试发现,该复合材料具有较高的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率,且材料的中子与伽马屏蔽性能良好,随着功能填料含量的不断增加,中子和伽马屏蔽性能也不断提升,但材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率不断减小。辐照实验显示,电子束硫化后的样品比硫磺硫化后的样品拥有更出色的力学性能。综合考虑该材料良好的中子与伽马屏蔽性能、拉伸性能与柔韧性能等特性,其在形状较为复杂的核动力设施以及辐射防护服等领域具有较大的应用潜力。     

Calculation of neutron and gamma-ray energy spectra for fusion reactor shield design: Comparison with experiment-II

Measured and calculated neutron and gamma-ray energy spectra resulting from the transport of 14 MeV neutrons through a 0.30-m-thick lithium hydride slab and through a 0.05-m-thick lead slab followed by 0.30 m of lithium hydride are compared. Also reported are comparisons of the measured and calculated neutron energy spectra behind an 0.80-m-thick assembly comprised of stainless steel type 304 and borated polyethylene. The spatial dependence of the gamma-ray energy deposition rate measured using thermoluminescent detectors is compared with calculated data. The calculated data obtained using two-dimensional radiation transport methods and ENDF/B-IV cross-section data are in good agreement for all of the experimental configurations. Calculated integral neutron energy spectra agree with the measured data within 5 to 20% depending on neutron energy for the LiH and Pb plus LiH assemblies. The gamma-ray spectra agree within 20% for these slabs. The measured and calculated neutron energy spectra behind the SS-304-borated polyethylene assembly agree within 5% except at neutron energies below 5 MeV where background radiation influences the measured spectra. The gamma-ray energy deposition rates as a function of depth agree within a factor of two at all detector locations.     

D-T中子穿透铁球伴生γ射线泄漏能谱实验研究

建立了系列厚度为3、6、11、16、21．8cm的铁球基准装置。用BC-501A谱仪测量了D-T中子穿透铁球伴生γ射线泄漏能谱，能量范围为0．5～5MeV。通过能谱分析，观测到铁球厚度对能谱有一定影响。利用MCNP4A程序和t-2、ENDF／B-V、ENDF／B-Ⅵ和FENDL-2等数据库对实验进行了模拟计算，并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较。γ射线能谱实验误差为4％～6％。     

基于FPGA的高速峰值检测

针对研发数字多道的实际需求,提出了一种基于FPGA的高速峰值检测技术,并且采用ARM+FPGA的架构实现了基于该技术的数字多道系统。通过Modelsim仿真分析了FPGA峰值检测算法的理论,该算法可精确获取高斯信号的最值并获得幅度值。最后通过CZT探测器进行~(241)Am源实测γ射线能谱,实验结果表明该峰值检测算法及数字多道系统设计可准确并且快速获得能谱图。通过合理设置峰值检测算法的高低阈值,可以测试不同基线值的前放信号。     

快热中子法检测煤的低位热值

介绍了利用脉冲中子发生器产生的快热中子感生的瞬发γ射线的两种反应,快中子非弹性散射(n,n'γ)反应和热中子俘获(n,γ)反应,对煤的低位热值进行分析的方法、原理和设备.γ射线探测器采用BGO探头.采用多元回归分析方法,较好地解决了元素间的干扰问题.用脉冲中子法测得的低位热量分析值与化验值的误差＜0.4MJ/kg.     

空间光通信中空间辐射对光纤放大器性能的影响

以60Co为辐射源, 通过地面辐射模拟实验, 对掺铒和铒镱共掺两种光纤放大器的性能变化进行了对比分析。实验结果表明, 在总剂量为40 krad的低剂量轨道辐射环境中, 信号光通过这两种光纤放大器后, 其中心波长及半宽都没有发生显著变化, 这为光纤放大器能够应用于空间光通信提供了保证; 在辐照过程中掺铒光纤放大器的增益下降3.91 dB, 而铒镱共掺光纤放大器的增益下降17.60 dB, 表明镱离子的存在使得铒镱共掺光纤放大器的抗辐射性能要明显弱于掺铒光纤放大器, 这也为不同发射功率下的空间光通信系统在选择合适类型的放大器时提供了一个有益的参考。     

Neutrino Induced Doppler Broadening

When a nucleus undergoes beta decay via the electron capture reaction, it emits an electron neutrino. The neutrino emission gives a small recoil to the atom, which can be experimentally observed as a Doppler broadening on subsequently emitted gamma rays. Using the two-axis flat-crystal spectrometer GAMS4 and the electron capture reaction in ¹⁵²Eu, the motion of atoms having an excess kinetic energy of 3 eV in the solid state was studied. It is shown how the motion of the atom during the first hundreds of femtoseconds can be reconstructed. The relevance of this knowledge for a new neutrino helicity experiment is discussed.     

High Resolution γ-Ray Spectroscopy: the First 85 Years

This opening review attempts to follow the main trends in crystal diffraction spectrometry of nuclear γ rays from its 1914 beginning in Rutherford’s laboratory to the ultra-high resolution instrumentation realized in the current generation of spectrometers at the Institute Laue Langeven (ILL). My perspective is that of an instrumentalist hoping to convey a sense of our intellectual debt to a number of predecessors, each of whom realized a certain elegance in making the tools that have enabled much good science, including that to which the remainder of this workshop is dedicated. This overview follows some of the main ideas along a trajectory toward higher resolution at higher energies, thereby enabling not only the disentangling of dense spectra, but also allowing detailed study of aspects of spectral profiles sensitive to excited state lifetimes and inter-atomic potentials. The parallel evolution toward increasing efficiency while preserving needed resolution is also an interesting story of artful compromise that should not be neglected. Finally, it is the robustness of the measurement chain connecting γ-ray wavelengths with optical wavelengths associated with the Rydberg constant that only recently has allowed γ-ray data to contribute to determination of particle masses and fundamental constants, as will be described in more detail in other papers from this workshop.