甲状腺素T4免疫传感器的研究

报道以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物为载体膜材料，研制成非酶标记的Ｔ４免疫传感器，并对载体膜材料的共聚方法及共聚物共聚比与传感器灵敏度的关系进行了探讨。     

Evaluation of rapeseed meals in broiler chicks: Effect of iodine supply and glucosinolate degradation by myrosinase or copper

In rapeseed meals (RSM) of a conventional (c) or a newly bred (n) variety 117 or 44 mmol glucosinolates and glucosinolate degradation products per kg dry matter were detected. Soaking meals in aqueous myrosinase or copper sulphate solution and subsequent drying reduced the content of antinutrients by more than 90%. Broiler chickens were fed (i) a glucosinolate-free diet, or this diet in which half the soybean meal was replaced by RSM of various origins and treatment; (ii) untreated cRSM; (iii) cRSM treated with myrosinase: (iv) cRSM treated with Cu (v) untreated nRSM; or (vi) nRSM treated with myrosinase. These diets were administered with or without supplementary iodine. Chickens receiving the iodine-deficient diets with myrosinase-treated RSM showed growth depression, incomplete feathering, leg injuries and severe goitre. In the serum T⁴ could not be detected. Giving myrosinase-treated RSM plus iodine, or giving other RSM diets irrespective of iodine administration, no growth depression was observed. RSM diets without iodine dosage markedly increased thyroid weight: there were no differences between the RSM variants. In contrast to the treatment with myrosinase, in the sera of the chickens fed on untreated RSM or RSM treated with copper T⁴ could be detected, suggesting that in iodine-deficient conditions differences in serum T⁴ concentration between RSM groups indicate a differing anti-thyroid activity. With iodine supplementation the RSM had a significant effect on thyroid weight. The largest thyroids (five-fold heavier) were in the animals with myrosinase-treated cRSM. The untreated cRSM and the nRSM trebled or doubled the thyroid weight, and the myrosinase-treated nRSM trebled it. The thyroid weight of chicks fed cRSM treated with copper did not differ significantly from the glucosinolate-free control. There was evidence that heating the myrosinase-treated RMS produced anti-thyroid compounds; these should be identified in further investigations.     

Molecular Aspects and Prognostic Significance of Microcalcifications in Human Pathology: A Narrative Review

The presence of calcium deposits in human lesions is largely used as imaging biomarkers of human diseases such as breast cancer. Indeed, the presence of micro- or macrocalcifications is frequently associated with the development of both benign and malignant lesions. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of these calcium deposits, as well as the prognostic significance of their presence in human tissues, have not been completely elucidated. Therefore, a better characterization of the biological process related to the formation of calcifications in different tissues and organs, as well as the understanding of the prognostic significance of the presence of these calcium deposits into human tissues could significantly improve the management of patients characterized by microcalcifications associated lesions. Starting from these considerations, this narrative review highlights the most recent histopathological and molecular data concerning the formation of calcifications in breast, thyroid, lung, and ovarian diseases. Evidence reported here could deeply change the current point of view concerning the role of ectopic calcifications in the progression of human diseases and also in the patients’ management. In fact, the presence of calcifications can suggest an unfavorable prognosis due to dysregulation of normal tissues homeostasis.     

Cushing’s Syndrome Effects on the Thyroid

The most known effects of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome are the phenotypic changes and metabolic consequences. However, hypercortisolism can exert important effects on other endocrine axes. The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis activity can be impaired by the inappropriate cortisol secretion, which determinates the clinical and biochemical features of the “central hypothyroidism”. These findings have been confirmed by several clinical studies, which also showed that the cure of hypercortisolism can determine the recovery of normal hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis activity. During active Cushing’s syndrome, the “immunological tolerance” guaranteed by the hypercortisolism can mask, in predisposed patients, the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, which increases in prevalence after the resolution of hypercortisolism. However, the immunological mechanism is not the only factor that contributes to this phenomenon, which probably includes also deiodinase-impaired activity. Cushing’s syndrome can also have an indirect impact on thyroid function, considering that some drugs used for the medical control of hypercortisolism are associated with alterations in the thyroid function test. These considerations suggest the utility to check the thyroid function in Cushing’s syndrome patients, both during the active disease and after its remission.     

面向甲状腺结节超声图像分割的多尺度特征融合“h”形网络

目的 准确定位超声甲状腺结节对甲状腺癌早期诊断具有重要意义,但患者结节大小、形状以及位置的不确定性极大影响了结节分割的准确率和模型的泛化能力。为了提高超声甲状腺结节分割的精度,增强泛化性能并降低模型的参数量,辅助医生诊断疾病,减少误诊,提出一种面向甲状腺结节超声图像分割的多尺度特征融合“h”形网络。方法 首先提出一种网络框架,形状与字母h相似,由一个编码器和两个解码器组成,引入深度可分离卷积缩小网络尺寸。编码器用于提取图像特征,且构建增强下采样模块来减少下采样时造成的信息损失,增强解码器特征提取的能力。第1个解码器负责获取图像的初步分割信息;第2个解码器通过融合第1个解码器预先学习到的信息来增强结节的特征表达,提升分割精度,并设计了融合卷积池化金字塔实现多尺度特征融合,增强模型的泛化能力。结果 该网络在内部数据集上的Dice相似系数（Dice similarity coefficients, DSC）、豪斯多夫距离（Hausdorff distance,HD）、灵敏度（sensitivity,SEN）和特异度（specificity,SPE）分别为0.872 1、0.935 6、0.879 7和0.997 3,在公开数据集DDTI（digital database thyroid image）上,DSC和SPE分别为0.758 0和0.977 3,在数据集TN3K（thyroid nodule 3 thousand）上的重要指标DSC和HD分别为0.781 5和4.472 6,皆优于其他模型。结论 该网络模型以较低的参数量提升了甲状腺超声图像结节的分割效果,增强了泛化性能。     

本底个值质控图对甲功仪长期稳定性监控的意义

从甲功仪获得131I摄取率的准确性角度探讨甲功仪的短期、长期稳定性。通过建立本底个值质控图对甲功仪进行质量监控。提出了影响甲功仪稳定性的因素及处理办法，目前对甲功仪质控无统一标准，此监控结果较准确、方法简单易行。     

Changes in percentage of lymphocyte subsets after ^131I treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

To monitor the extent and the duration of lymphocyte subset changes in patients with thyroid carcinoma undergoing therapeutic ^131I administration, the percentage of lymphocyte subsets were serially analyzed before and after ^131I treatment. In patients who received 1850 MBq of ^131I for ablation of thyroid remnants, only tor NK cells and B cells showed a significant reduction. In patients received 3700 MBq of ^131I for treatment of local lymph node metastases, NK cells, B cells and CD4＋ were found decreased. In patients received 7400 MBq of ^131I for treatment of distant metastases, NK cells, B cells and CD4＋ and CD8＋ were all affected. However, there is no significant reduction compared to the baseline in the percentage of all lymphocyte subsets three months after ^131I treatment. The results show that the sensitivity of lymphocytes to ^131I internal radiation depends upon lymphocyte phenotype and ^131I activity. The immunosuppression effects are temporary and reversible.     

99Tcm(V)-DMSA与99Tcm-MIBI亲肿瘤显像在诊断甲状腺髓样癌中的对比

对62例甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)患者手术前行SPECT亲肿瘤显像,其中99Tcm(V)-DMSA显像组32例,99Tcm-MIBI显像组30例;并对两组患者早期和延迟影像的定性和半定量分析结果进行比较.结果显示两种显像方法对MTC原发灶诊断的阳性率无显著性差异(P＞0.05),但半定量分析结果显示99Tcm(V)-DMSA对原发灶显像的早期摄取比、延迟摄取比、滞留指数明显高于99Tcm-MIBI显像,差异有显著性(P＜0.001),提示99Tcm(V)-DMSA显像更具有优越性.