"米邦塔"仙人掌冰淇淋工艺研究

以"米邦塔"仙人掌为特色原料,合理设计配方,确定加工工艺条件,经调配制成风味独特、具有特定营养保健功能的仙人掌冰淇淋。研究结果表明,其最佳配方为稀奶油8%、牛奶42%、奶粉8%、糖15%、仙人掌原汁15%、明胶0.5%、水11.5%、老化温度1～4℃、老化时间5h。     

“米邦塔”仙人掌饮料的研制

本文以新鲜“米邦塔”仙人掌茎为原料,对仙人掌饮料的加工工艺进行了初步探讨。结果表明:在85℃下,将仙人掌热烫1min,加入40％的α-淀粉酶,淀粉酶打浆制汁,10％仙人掌原汁中添加0.10％抗坏血酸和0.05％柠檬酸护色,4.5％蔗糖、0.01％蛋白糖、0.10％柠檬酸、0.01％黄原胶、0.20％海藻酸钠、0.30％柠檬香精以及O.05％山梨酸钾进行调配,可做出色、香、味、形俱佳的仙人掌饮料。     

仙人掌黄瓜复合饮料的研制

以“米邦塔”仙人掌和黄瓜为原料,进行仙人掌护色、原料配比、仙人掌黄瓜复合饮料稳定性和产品质量指标实验,研制出复合饮料。采用正交试验探索出仙人掌黄瓜复合饮料的最佳工艺配方：仙人掌汁15%,黄瓜汁30%,白砂糖9%;仙人掌汁较好的护色剂为0.6g/L VC ＋ 0.02g/L Na2SO3、热烫时间3min、护色时间0.5h,复合稳定剂为同时添加总量各为0.1% 的耐酸CMC-Na 和卡拉胶。     

超声提取米邦塔仙人掌总皂苷的工艺优化

目的：确定米邦塔仙人掌总皂苷含量的测定方法,优化超声提取条件。方法：以齐墩果酸为标准品,通过比色法测定总皂苷的含量,用单因素试验和正交试验优化超声提取条件。结果：总皂苷含量测定方法的精密度和稳定性的相对标准偏差分别为1.13% 和0.52%,回收率达到99.17%,相对标准偏差为1.86%。最佳超声提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数80%、料液比1:15(g/mL)、超声提取温度70℃、超声功率100W、超声提取时间70min。结论：总皂苷含量测定方法简单、易行、准确,超声提取工艺高效经济、快捷,易于推广。     

“米邦塔”仙人掌饮料加工工艺研究

以新鲜“米邦塔”仙人掌茎为原料，对仙人掌饮料的加工工艺进行了初步探讨。结果表明在85～90℃的温度下，将仙人掌热烫1min，加入淀粉酶打浆制汁。10％仙人掌原汁中添加0．10％抗坏血酸和0．05％柠檬酸护色．4．5％的白砂糖、0．01％蛋白糖、0．10％柠檬酸、0．01％黄原胶、0．20％海藻酸钠、0．30％柠檬香精以及0．05％山梨酸钾进行调配．可做出色、香、味、形俱佳的仙人掌饮料。     

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the regulated River Alta: effects of altered water temperature on parr growth

The chief objective of this study was to analyse the effects of altered water temperature, due to the hydropower regulation of the River Alta, on growth of Atlantic salmon parr. The river was developed for hydroelectric purposes in 1987. A 110 m high concrete dam was built in the main river 49 km upstream from the outlet to the sea. The outlet of the power station is located 2.5 km downstream from the dam. The annual regime of water temperature has been altered downstream from the power station because of the regulation. It has decreased 1–2° C during June, July and the first half of August, while it has increased up to 3° C during late summer. During winter, water temperature has increased from 0° C to about 0.3–0.4° C. Atlantic salmon is the predominant fish species in the river. They can penetrate 46 km from the sea, up to the outlet of the power station. In this paper I have studied the relationship between growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon and water temperature in the upper part of the river. At similar temperatures, the growth rate of salmon parr in the River Alta is higher in early summer than later in the growing season. In early summer the salmon grew faster than the maximum rate predicted by a recently published model. Therefore, I adjusted the model to describe growth rates of salmon in early summer (ice break to mid‐August), using data derived prior to the hydropower development (1981–1986). The new model proved effective at describing growth rates of fish in early summer following the hydropower development (1987–1996). After development, growth rates decreased during early summer, but increased correspondingly later in the season. There was close agreement between these growth changes and the altered annual regime of river temperature. Overall, only minor changes in annual growth rates have been observed after the hydropower development. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱/质谱法测定 "米邦塔"仙人掌挥发性成分

用顶空固相微萃取方法收集仙人掌的挥发性成分。所得到的仙人掌挥发性成分用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分离并分析鉴定其成分及质量分数,共鉴定出47个化合物,主要为酸、醛、脂类和酮类物质,其中酸类物质41.99%;醛类物质20.15%;醇类物质19.92%;酯类物质4.25%;酮类物质3.43%。此外还鉴定出4种胺类物质(2.22%),1种酚类物质(0.80%),1种呋喃类物质和2种硫化物(1.46%)。     

米邦塔仙人掌风味软罐头的生产工艺

针对墨西哥米帮塔仙人掌在食用过程中口感不好，土腥味太浓且只有鲜食品而无深加工产品等问题，通过加入各种不同的香辛料（如：牛肉香味，香辣味等），掩蔽其不良风味，并制成方便即食的软罐头。还讨论了仙人掌在加工过程中的脱皮，护绿以及硬化（保脆）等问题，为生产提供适宜的工艺过程，工艺参数。     

米邦塔仙人掌多糖的提取纯化及体外抗氧化活性

目的:研究米邦塔仙人掌多糖的纯化及体外抗氧化活性。方法:用水提醇沉的方法提取得到米邦塔仙人掌粗多糖polysaccharides from Opuntia Milpa Alta（MAP）,MAP经过DEAE-纤维素-52柱纯化得到多糖MAP1和MAP2,经过DEAE-琼脂糖-CL-6B柱纯化得到多糖MAP3。采用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）分析多糖的相对分子质量,采用体外抗氧化评价体系研究米邦塔仙人掌多糖抗氧化活性。结果:MAP1相对分子质量（Mn）为476.9,MAP2相对分子质量（Mn）分布为5449、9724、529 ku,MAP3相对分子质量（Mn）分布为13270、15.87、474 ku。体外抗氧化活性结果显示,MAP的总抗氧化能力最高,MAP2和MAP3对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子和DPPH自由基的清除作用均高于MAP,其中MAP2的各项抗氧化指标的活性均高于MAP3。结论:纯化后的MAP2具有较好的抗氧化活性,米邦塔仙人掌多糖体外抗氧化活性与其相对分子质量有关。      

不同提取方法对米邦塔仙人掌粗多糖体外抗氧化性的影响

目的:研究不同提取方法对米邦塔仙人掌粗多糖体外抗氧化活性的影响。方法:采用热水提法、酶法和超声波法分别提取米邦塔仙人掌粗多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定粗多糖纯度,以抗肝组织自发性脂质过氧化能力、清除羟基自由基能力、清除超氧阴离子能力、清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基能力、总还原能力、总抗氧化能力6种方法作为体外抗氧化能力评价指标。结果:酶法提取的粗多糖得率最高,为10.14%;超声波法提取的粗多糖纯度最高,为47.62%;酶法和超声波法提取的粗多糖各项体外抗氧化指标的活性均高于热水提法。结论:米邦塔仙人掌粗多糖的体外抗氧化活性强弱与粗多糖的提取方法有关,酶法和超声波法提取的粗多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性。