跨文化视角下的宗教建筑原真性的不同--以南京鸡鸣寺和日本金阁寺为例

中国与日本都是以看重精神轻视物质的态度来对待建筑，但是两者对待建筑原真性的态度是不同的：日本着重技术与意境的原真，而中国着重文化意义上的原真。这两种态度又导致了两国保护措施的不同。     

Accomplishing authenticity in a labor-exposing space

The present work, through an ethnographic study of MySpace (N = 96), examines the ways in which authenticity is accomplished within a labor-exposing space. To maintain authenticity, actors must make invisible the extensive labor of self-presentation. Certain online spaces, such as social network sites and personal interactive homepages, can be thought of as labor-exposing spaces, in that they give actors clear and explicit control over self-representations, making impressions of spontaneity difficult to accomplish ( ,  and ). I discuss and delineate several strategies used by participants to maintain authenticity on MySpace. I conclude that while the priorities of identity processes remain stable over time, the ways in which we accomplish identity are culturally, historically and materially contingent.     

A multiplex-conventional PCR assay for bovine,ovine, caprine and fish species identification in feedstuffs: Highly sensitive and specific

A multiplex PCR assay was developed for rapid and reliable identification of bovine, ovine, caprine and fish species in feedstuffs simultaneously. The method merges the use of bovine, ovine, caprine and fish primers that amplify fragments (ovine; 119 bp, caprine; 142 bp, fish; 224 bp and bovine; 271 bp) of the mitochondrial t.glu gene forward and cyt b reverse, 12S rRNA, 12S rRNA, and ATPase subunit 8 genes respectively, and a universal 18S rRNA primers that amplifies a 99 bp from eukaryotic DNA. To evaluate the effect of heat treatment, a severe sterilization condition (133 °C at 300 kPa for 20 min) was applied. Multiplex analysis of the reference feedstuff samples showed that the detection limit of the assay was 0.01% for each species. Taken together, all data indicated that this multiplex PCR assay was a simple, rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective detection method for bovine, ovine, caprine and fish species in feedstuffs.     

奶茶粉脂肪酸指纹特征及真实性判别模型建立

目的 评价以脂肪酸(fatty acid, FAs)指纹建立奶茶粉真实性判别模型的可行性。方法 采集生牛乳喷雾干燥(湿法)和植脂末、乳粉、炼乳粉粉末原料混合制备(干法)奶茶粉138种产品,并采集植脂末、奶油粉和奶粉为参照样品,气相色谱法检测FAs,进行差异性比较,并进行正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonalpartial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)和层聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA),观察各种类奶茶粉样品聚类特征,评价模式相似度。构建奶茶粉掺植脂末OPLS-DA和偏最小二乘(partial least square, PLS)预测模型。结果 生牛乳湿法制备的奶茶粉与其他3种干法制备的奶茶粉FAs指纹显著不同,与奶粉有同质性,两者模式相似度为94.9%; 3种干法制备的奶茶粉与植脂末、奶油粉存在同质性,可归入同一个大类,模式相似度为27.2%。OPLS-DA和PLS模型有良好的预测能力,可以区分0%植脂末(奶粉)与添加12.5%植脂末的人工奶茶粉样品。3种市售干法制备奶茶粉...     

Authenticity Assessment of Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Evaluation of Desmethylsterols and Triterpene Dialcohols

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has a long history of economic adulteration, the detection of which presents significant challenges due to the diverse composition of cultivars grown around the world and the limitations of existing methods for detecting adulteration. In this study, using Method COI/T.20/Doc. No. 30/Rev. 1 of the International Olive Council, the authenticity of 88 market samples of EVOO was evaluated by comparing total sterol contents, desmethylsterol composition, and contents of triterpene dialcohols (erythrodiol and uvaol) with purity criteria specified in the United States Standards for grades of olive oil and olive‐pomace oil. Three of the 88 samples labeled as EVOO failed to meet purity criteria, indicating possible adulteration with commodity oil and/or solvent‐extracted olive oil. Detection of adulteration was also evaluated by spiking an EVOO sample with commodity oil at the 10 % level. As expected, eight of the spiked samples (canola, corn, hazelnut, peanut, safflower, soybean, and sunflower oils, and palm olein) failed to meet purity criteria. Two of the three samples spiked with 10 % hazelnut oil went undetected for adulteration. Overall, a low occurrence rate of adulteration (<5 %), based on purity criteria for desmethylsterols and triterpene dialcohols, was detected for the 88 products labeled as EVOO.     

Review of Cultural Heritage Authenticity and Tourism Devel-opment

This paper tries to explore in a systematic way the internal relationship of authenticity and the sustainable development of heritage tourism, so as to bring some in-depth thoughts to readers on the development of China’s heritage tourism. Firstly, the original concept of authenticity and cultural heritage are discussed from the areas of heritage science and tourism science. Secondly, the relationship between cultural heritage protection and authenticity are discussed from two aspects which are the criticism of “inauthenticity” of tourism and the value of heritage conservation in tourism. Thirdly, the literature of authenticity and cultural heritage development are reviewed, including the heritage development based on cultural heritage authenticity and the heritage development based on tourists’ authentic experience. At last, the researches on authenticity and cultural heritage tourism man-agement are summarized in terms of management model and related interests bodies.     

明式家具的实用内涵初探

明式家具中凝聚着实用内涵和精神内涵,保持着实用与审美的统一,具有强烈的实用美学特征。本文从明代畅行的“经世致用”的实用主义思想出发,阐述了明式家具的实用内涵,把传统经验和现实生活作为明式家具实用内涵的基础,由于这种实用性特征,明式家具走进了人们的日常生活中,实现了家具艺术的通俗化。     

Verifying the red wines adulteration through isotopic and chromatographic investigations coupled with multivariate statistic interpretation of the data

The assessment of wine traceability and authenticity is a major concern that has gained a lot of interest internationally since the wine has always been subjected to various fraudulent practices. Practiced since ancient times, wine fraud has become more sophisticated in the present day, taking many forms. Consumers, regulatory bodies and manufacturers are all interested to have reliable analytical tools and information to allow the authentication and detection of wine adulteration or incorrect labelling. This research study evaluates and proposes a possible strategy for the detection of adulterated sweet or medium sweet red table wines using appropriate chemical parameters which can reveal prohibited practices in the winemaking process. The work is performed on 29 table wine samples, bought from the market, packed in PET bottles. Exogenous addition of sugar and water in the counterfeited table red wines was detected by the measurement of stable isotopes content (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) known as origin markers and supplementary confirmed by other classical parameters, as the alcoholic strength of the wines (‰ vol.) and the presence of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and of synthetic sweeteners or synthetic red dyes used to correct deficiencies of taste and colour. Additionally, the nature and profile of anthocyanins, as indicator of the red colour of wine, was investigated in the table wines and then compared with that of authentic wines obtained by microvinification of Vitis vinifera, in order to determine their authenticity.     

Contribution of FA profile obtained by high-resolution GC/chemometric techniques to the authenticity of green and roasted coffee varieties

Twenty-four coffee samples of different botanical and geographical origins were analyzed for their FA composition, including trans isomers. The analysis used high-resolution GC/FID/CP Sil 88 capillary column to separate FAME obtained by esterification with BF₃/methanol. The purpose of this work was to verify whether this parameter could be applied in the discrimination of arabica and robusta coffees, either in green or in roasted stage. Statistical approaches were applied to check the efficiecies of some univariate and multivariate procedures, and the results permitted the conclusion that the FA profile can be used as a coffee variety marker and may inform on the historical background, mainly in terms of heat-processing conditions.     

Discrimination of Korean beef from beef of other origin by stable isotope measurements

Beef samples from Korea and from some of the main beef exporting countries (USA, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand) were analysed for carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotope ratios of the defatted dried matter. Results showed that the samples from each country investigated could be assigned to a typical isotope signature and can be separated from each other. The main discriminating factors were δ¹³C and δ²H, which mainly reflect feeding of C₃ and C₄-plants and the isotopic composition of the water, respectively, consumed by the cattle. Australian beef showed the largest variation in its isotopic signature, suggesting heterogeneous rearing conditions. By contrast, for beef from New Zealand, Mexico, USA and Korea, each batch had typical signatures with a smaller variability.