Coalgebra morphisms subsume open maps

We relate two abstract notions of bisimulation, induced by open maps and by coalgebra morphisms, respectively. We show that open maps correspond to coalgebra morphisms for a suitable chosen endofunctor in a category of many sorted sets. This demonstrates that the notion of open-maps bisimilarity is of essentially coalgebraic nature. A central role in our development is played by a category of presheaves, which we show as corresponding to the subcategory of consistent coalgebras with lax cohomomorphisms.     

Model checker aided design of a controller for a wafer scanner

For a case-study of a wafer scanner from the semiconductor industry it is shown how model checking techniques can be used to compute (1) a simple yet optimal deadlock avoidance policy, and (2) an infinite schedule that optimizes throughput. in the absence of errors. Deadlock avoidance is studied based on a simple finite state model using Smv, and for throughput analysis a more detailed timed automaton model has been constructed and analyzed using the Uppaal tool. The Smv and Uppaal models are formally related through the notion of a stuttering bisimulation. The results were obtained within 2 weeks, which confirms once more that model checking techniques may help to improve the design process of realistic, industrial systems. Methodologically, the case study is interesting since two models were used to obtain results that could not have been obtained using only a single model. Supported by the European Community Project IST-2001-35304 (Ametist), http://ametist.cs.utwente.nl/.     

TIC: A timed calculus

TIC is a timed algebraic calculus which combines ideas from asynchronous and synchronous calculi. Time is introduced by assigning explicit time restrictions to the events of an asynchronous calculus. The semantics is defined in an operational way. Interleaving of behaviours is defined in such a way that a proper merge of events in time is achieved. Weak timed bisimulation is also defined. Examples are presented to show the applicability of the calculus to the study of timed behaviours.This work was partially supported by CICYT under the TIC program (MEDAS project)     

工作流流程模型结构优化算法的研究

该文从一个新颖的角度提出一种优化工作流流程模型结构的算法,用进程代数CCS来描述工作流流程模型的定义,并引用了进程代数中的互模拟的思想,提出了互模拟活动集合以及子流程的定义,同时给出如何找出复杂工作流流程模型中的互模拟活动的算法,该算法的提出简化了工作流流程模型的结构,从而提高了流程的运行效率。     

Prediction of mean square radius of gyration of tree-like polymers by a general kinetic approach

This paper describes a kinetic method to predict the z-average molecular mean square radius of gyration of tree-like polymers formed by irreversible reactions, assuming Gaussian chains. It is based on the population balance equations for the two-sided molecular distributions of pendant chains associated with every chemically distinguishable kind of bonds. An automated method for the solution of those equations is valid both before as well as after gelation for complex kinetic schemes. Examples of its use are presented with polycondensation systems leading to hyperbranched polymers, the anionic polymerization of mono- and divinyl monomers and a radical polymerization with terminal branching and transfer to polymer.     

基于模态Petri网的行为有效区间寻找最优路径的方法

为满足客户需求,在行为约束下的业务流程中寻找行为执行的最优路径具有一定的实际意义。已有的研究是建立在静态分析基础上,通过优化算法或是行为分析来寻找最优执行路径,忽略了行为约束条件对执行行为有效性的影响,所得结果具有一定的局限性。文中在已有方法的基础上,利用Petri网行为轮廓序关系描述约束条件并确定行为有效区间,提出了基于模态Petri网分支有效区间的业务流程最优路径选择方法。该方法以行为有效区间替代已有的固定值方法,以便更好地描述业务流程的行为约束以及约束下的有效行为。通过一个具体的业务流程分析实例分析了该方法的有效性。     

Small-angle neutron scattering from branched epoxide resins

Small-angle neutron scattering experiments in the range of q² from 0.01 to 25 nm⁻² have been carried out on branched epoxide resins based on bisphenol-A at the Institute Laue—Langevin (I.L.L) in Grenoble (q=(4π/λ) sin(θ/2)). Measurements were made with six samples in the range of M_W from 1500 to 19 000 and four concentrations between 1.3 and 10% (w/w) in deuterated diglyme. The results are as follows: (i) The mean square radius of gyration follows a relationship S²_z=4.69×10⁻⁴M^1.20_W (nm²). (ii) In all cases fairly large second virial coefficients A₂ are obtained which, however, decrease strongly with molecular weight. Above M_W=2500, the virial coefficient follows the relationship A₂=1.6M^−0.85_W (mol cm³g⁻²). (ii) The reciprocal particle scattering factor as a function of q² exhibits only a slight upturn and otherwise shows the behaviour of a randomly branched polycondensate. The slight upturn is discussed as being caused by the finite volume of the monomeric unit. Possible reasons for the high exponent in the S²_z versus M_W dependence are briefly discussed.     

The influence of branch length on the deformation and microstructure of polyethylene

The length and number of side chain branches have a profound influence on the microstructure and physical properties of polyethylene (PE). For a series of linear PE copolymers: environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR), melting points, creep resistance and modulus, and equilibrium spherulite size were all found to increase with increasing branch length (methyl to hexyl) at a given density and molecular weight. It is proposed that (at a fixed molecular weight) branch length and branch concentration determine spherulite size and, consequently, spherulitic boundary areas, in which the dry crazing/voiding occurs during the incubation period of environmental stress cracking (ESC). At a fixed density, decreased spherulite size contributes to greater spherulite boundary slip and increased creep at low (less than 2 MPa) stresses.