On the quality of VoIP with DCCP for satellite communications

We present experimental results for the performance of selected voice codecs using Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) with CCID4 congestion control over a satellite link. We evaluate the performance of both constant and variable data rate speech codecs for a number of simultaneous calls using the ITU E‐model. We analyse the sources of packet losses and additionally analyse the effect of jitter, which is one of the crucial parameters contributing to Voice over IP (VoIP) quality and has, to the best of our knowledge, not been considered previously in the published DCCP performance results. We propose modifications to the CCID4 algorithm and demonstrate how these improve the VoIP performance, without the need for additional link information other than what is already monitored by CCID4. We also demonstrate the fairness of the proposed modifications to other flows. Although the recently adopted changes to TCP‐Friendly Rate Control specification alleviate some of the performance issues for VoIP on satellite links, we argue that the characteristics of commercial satellite links necessitate consideration of further improvements. We identify the additional benefit of DCCP when used in VoIP admission control mechanisms and draw conclusions about the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed DCCP/CCID4 congestion control mechanism for use with VoIP applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鼠细小病毒感染性滴度测定方法的建立及病毒制备

目的建立鼠细小病毒(MMV)感染性滴度测定方法,并制备高滴度的MMV,为生物制品病毒清除/灭活工艺的验证奠定基础。方法通过分析NB324K细胞接种量、培养时间及病毒吸附时间等参数,建立MMV病毒滴度测定的半数细胞感染剂量法(CCID5)0,并分析其精密性;以A9细胞制备MMV,分析感染复数(MOI)、收获时间及收获样本对病毒滴度的影响,并检测病毒的稳定性。结果NB324K细胞的最佳接种浓度、培养时间及病毒吸附时间分别为5×103个/孔、48h及2h,所建立的检测方法精密性较好;A9细胞沉淀中病毒滴度高于上清,且随病毒MOI值的升高而逐渐增加,在MOI为10时,感染后48h收获,病毒滴度最高。制备的病毒液的平均滴度为8.69CCID50/ml,4℃和37℃保存7d及反复冻融5次,稳定性良好。结论已建立了MMV感染性滴度测定方法,并制备了高滴度的病毒,为以MMV为指示病毒进行病毒清除/灭活工艺验证奠定了基础。     

基于改进BBR的数据报拥塞控制协议

数据报拥塞控制协议(Datagram Congestion Control Protocol,DCCP)是提供拥塞控制和不可靠传输特点的实时多媒体基础协议,DCCP中的CCID2算法仍然采用AIMD的控制机制,这种传统的Loss-Base拥塞控制模型已经不适用于目前高BDP的网络环境,容易引起缓冲区膨胀现象,导致网络延迟增加和抖动等问题.与Loss-Base的算法相比,BBR算法可以有效地控制网络延时,最大限度避免网络排队的情况,在丢包率较高的情况下仍可以保持一定的带宽利用率和较低的链路延时,因此适合于DCCP实时流媒体的应用的协议.本文在DCCP中引入了BBR算法并做相应的改进,增加了丢包率检测模型,使用延时与带宽积模型的拥塞控制算法对上述问题进行改进.通过模拟实验证明,本方法在高负载情况下连接的平均延迟相比CCID2降低了20%,在丢包率较高的环境下也能保持良好的吞吐量.