Connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating first one under the conditions of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants with two gas-turbine units and one steam turbine

Problems arising with connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the first exhaust-heat boiler under load in the case of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants of type PGU-450 are considered. Similar problems exist for two-boiler single-turbine units of type PGU-325 and for two-boiler single-turbine units of traditional steampower plants with an output of 200–300 MW upon connection of the second furnace of a two-furnace boiler to the operating first furnace. Analysis of the temperature-induced stressed state and of the cyclic strength of thick-walled elements of the steam-water conduit of PGU-450 and of two-furnace boilers of two-boiler single-turbine units with an output of 200–300 MW (the check valve, the inlet header of the water economizer) is used for determining the steam temperature differences in the high-pressure conduits to the steam turbine and the order of connection of the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating fist one. Modes of enabling a two-boiler single-turbine unit of a combined-cycle plant, which are most “rigid” from the standpoint of thermal strength, are determined. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, February 2006, pp. 11–17.     

微光CCD摄像器件综合特性的分析与比较

ＣＣＤ的优良特性使其在微光电视技术领域得到了广泛运用。本文对各种微光ＣＣＤ摄像器件的综合特性例如信噪比、探测率、动态范围与计数模式等进行了详细的研究与对比，并得出基本结论。     

考虑光-荷不确定性和旋转备用约束的主动配电网经济优化调度策略

分布式光伏、储能装置等大量分布式电源接入主动配电网(active distribution networks,ADN)后,光伏出力、负荷和旋转备用容量的多重不确定性对主动配电网经济调度的可靠性提出新的挑战。考虑了光伏出力及负荷不确定性,对旋转备用容量进行概率约束,以调度过程中运行成本最小为目标函数提出了一种主动配电网经济优化调度模型。通过所提出的潮流约束线性化方法和离散步长变换方法,将机会约束规划(chance constrained programming,CCP)模型转化为易于求解的确定性混合整数线性规划(mixed-integer linear programming,MILP)模型,并通过CPLEX求解器进行求解。基于IEEE-33节点配电网系统对所提方法进行验证。算例结果表明,所提策略的系统计算时间显著减少,优化效果更好,且可以通过适当设置旋转备用容量概率约束的置信水平实现主动配电网可靠性与经济性间平衡。     

整车控制器BootLoader的设计与实现

针对传统BDM工具下载或升级应用程序比较麻烦的问题,采用CCP在线更新应用程序,设计一种基于CAN总线的专用BootLoader。介绍BootLoader的设计及CCP在整车控制器端和PC端的实现。实车实验结果证明,BootLoader能够正确引导程序的运行,准确、方便地实现应用程序的下载和升级。     

高校学生党组织党建活动创新性研究

党的基层组织是党全部工作和战斗力的基础,也是我们党的执政基础。高校学生基层党组织是党在青年学生中发挥创造力、凝聚力和战斗力的基础,探索并构建顺应时代特点又贴近党员需求的各种党建活动载体,对于提高高校党建工作水平非常必要。高校学生党支部要在科学发展观的指导下,创新学生党建工作的组织载体、制度载体、宣传载体和活动载体,提高活动的针对性和实效性,通过创新学生党组织党建活动开创高校大学生党建工作的新局面。     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体阳性银屑病关节炎伴肺间质病变1例

银屑病关节炎是一种与银屑病相关的关节炎，属脊柱关节炎范畴，兼具或先后出现银屑病皮疹和关节及周围软组织疼痛、肿胀等表现。抗CC抗体是类风湿关节炎诊断及预后判断的重要指标，PsA中也有阳性报道。风湿病相关肺间质病变常见于系统性硬化症、干燥综合征、皮肌炎/肌炎、类风湿关节炎等，PsA相关肺间质病变报道少见。本文收录1例PsA患者，抗CCP抗体阳性，同时伴弥漫性肺间质病变，文献少有报道。     

HACCP-based procedures in Germany and Poland

A study concerning HACCP implementation was conducted in 86 German and 66 Polish food enterprises. The questions asked in this study addressed HACCP implementation according to the 12 steps defined by Codex Alimentarius Commission. Some deficiencies were identified. As the results show, the specification of biological hazards is frequently not sufficient to provide suitable guidance mechanisms, and to monitor the limits, and therefore, they are not in compliance with Codex Alimentarius and Regulation (EC) No 852/2004. Furthermore, a lack of consistence in defining terms (e.g. CP) leads to their diverging application in practice. Overall, the HACCP implementation in Poland was found to comply somewhat better with the Codex Alimentarius principles and Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 than in Germany.     

通用型CAN总线车辆检测系统的设计与实现

为了提供有效方便的诊断和检测工具,针对汽车电子控制单元开发了通用型CAN总线车辆检测系统.描述了该系统的实现方案和关键技术,它也可以应用于基于CAN总线的其他电子设备.     

HACCP在乳品生产中的应用探讨

在食品的生产管理中，对其质量的预防和控制传统的做法是把重点放在监督检查和对成品的监测上，而HACCP是把预防和控制重点前移，对全过程进行危害分析，找出关键控制点并采取有效措施加以控制。在实际应系统地分析整个生产过程，确定CCP点，并制定有效的控制措施。     

基于CCP协议的混合动力车VCU标定系统开发

CCP协议(CAN Calibration Protocol)可实现可靠,准确和快速的动态标定。本文在简要介绍CCP协议的原理,标定系统硬、软件的基础上,着重讨论了CCP协议驱动接口程序和FLASH擦写程序的设计,及标定系统在HEV整车控制器标定上的应用。