A unified critical state model for geomaterials with an application to tunnelling

This paper is prepared in honour of Professor E.T. Brown for his outstanding contributions to rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering and also for his personal influence on the first author's research career in geomechanics and geotechnical engineering. As a result, we have picked a topic that reflects two key research areas in which Professor E.T. Brown has made seminal contributions over a long and distinguished career. These two areas are concerned with the application of the critical state concept to modelling geomaterials and the analysis of underground excavation or tunnelling in geomaterials.Partially due to Professor Brown's influence, the first author has also been conducting research in these two areas over many years. In particular, this paper aims to describe briefly the development of a unified critical state model for geomaterials together with an application to cavity contraction problems and tunnelling in soils.     

空泡溃灭水锤的VOF计算方法

空泡溃灭水锤是核电厂冷却循环系统中较常出现的一种严重的水锤事故。空泡的形成和溃灭是复杂的两相、瞬态过程，对于这一现象的分析是相当困难的。作者尝试着把蒸汽泡的边界看成是冷水流动的自由面，在自由面上考虑蒸汽的凝结。对于自由面的ＶＯＦ算法用了ＶＯＦ算法，取得了令人满意的结果，不仅形象地描绘了空泡的形成和溃灭的过程，而且得到了与实验相符的空泡溃灭高压和弥合速度，因此可为管道设计提供理论基础。     

锻模型腔的电解加工技术

通过电解加工与其它常用加工方法的比较，以及电解加工应用的实例，论证了电解加工是提高锤模型腔加工水平的重要工艺手段。     

型腔体组件装配尺寸检测技术分析与运用

为解决型腔体组件装配尺寸的检测问题,以某枪型的型腔体组件为例,分析该型腔体组件的结构特点,设计组合型检测装置,实现准确检测目的.归纳总结了型腔体组件装配尺寸检测技术运用过程中检测装置的设计要领,采用设计与被测型腔体组件相匹配的组合型检测装置,有效解决了型腔体组件装配尺寸检测过程中的定位困难、操作繁琐、检测准确性差等问题.该检测技术对确保型腔体组件装配尺寸的检测稳定性、检测可操作性、检测准确性等方面具有现实的指导意义.     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and experimental study for toxic hazardous waste destruction in the cavity incinerator

We undertook numerical and experimental studies to develop a better incineration method for the destruction of CC1₄. A phenomenological model for the turbulent reaction of CC1₄, including a flame inhibition feature, has been successfully incorporated into a commercial code, simulating the incineration processes of this compound. The gaseous flow solution was obtained using SIMPLEST, a derivative of Patankar’s SIMPLE algorithm, with a k-ε turbulence model. A modified fast chemistry turbulent reaction model was developed to describe the flame inhibition due to the presence of CC1₄, considering the corresponding burning velocity data of these mixtures. An experiment was carried out on a 5.2 kW laboratory scale, transportable, cavity-type incinerator, which warrants a sufficient residence time and effective turbulent mixing by the formation of a strong recirculation region in a combustor. To this end, the specific configuration of the incinerator was manufactured to consist of two opposing jets and a rearward facing step. The calculated data were in close agreement with the experimental data for the concentrations of major species, such as CCI₄ and HCl, together with the temperature profiles. The experimental test gave the desired DRE of above 99.99%.     

镦粗变形规律实例分析

本文结合实际镦粗变形工艺，把镦粗变形划分为三个阶段或状态，即锻透、压实、焊合；指出空调压实后的形态或痕迹与空洞的形状，大小，空洞与主拉形变的方向有关，坯料镦粗时仅仅考虑整体锻比是不够的，还必须注意单次压下量，并介绍了一种既能压实焊合空洞类缺陷，又能改善夹杂物分布的新型Ｖ型板镦粗工艺。     

钢管漏磁探伤中孔洞缺陷的漏磁场分析

针对钢管孔洞缺陷进行了分析。分别从数学模型和仿真软件建模等方面对孔洞缺陷进行了漏磁场分析，并且将采集的漏磁信号进行处理，得出孔洞半径与漏磁信号之间的关系，为孔洞缺陷信号的识别提供了一定的参考依据。     

Buoyancy convection in a cavity with mutually orthogonal heated plates

Buoyancy driven convection in a square cavity induced by two mutually orthogonal arbitrarily placed heated thin plates is studied numerically under isothermal and isoflux boundary conditions. The flow is assumed to be two-dimensional. The coupled governing equations were solved by the finite difference method using the Alternating Direction Implicit technique and Successive Over Relaxation method. The steady state results are depicted in terms of streamline and isotherm plots. It is found that the resulting convection pattern is stronger for the isothermal boundary condition. A better overall heat transfer can be achieved by placing one of the plates far away from the center of the cavity for isothermal boundary condition and near the center of the cavity for isoflux boundary condition.     

Globally conservative high-order filters for large-eddy simulation and computational aero-acoustics

In computational aero-acoustics, large-eddy simulations (LES) or direct numerical simulations (DNS) are often employed for flow computations in the source region. As part of the numerical implementation or required modeling, explicit spatial filters are frequently employed. For instance, in LES spatial filters are employed in the formulation of various subgrid-scale (SGS) models such as the dynamic model or the variational multi-scale (VMS) Smagorinsky model; both in LES or DNS, spatial high-pass filters are often used to remove undesired grid-to-grid oscillations. Though these type of spatial filters adhere to local accuracy requirements, in practice, they often destroy global conservation properties in the presence of non-periodic boundaries conditions. This leads to the incorrect prediction of the flow properties near hard boundaries, such as walls. In the current work, we present globally conservative high-order accurate filters, which combine traditional filters at the internal points with one-sided conservative filters near the wall boundary. We test these filters to remove grid-to-grid oscillations both in a channel-flow case and in 2D cavity flow. We find that the use of a non-conservative filter leads to erroneous predictions of the skin friction in channel flows up to 30%. In the cavity-flow simulations, the use of non-conservative filters to remove grid-to-grid oscillations leads to important shifts in the Strouhal number of the dominant mode, and a change of the flow pattern inside the cavity. In all cases, the use of conservative high-order filter formulations to remove grid-to-grid oscillations lead to very satisfactory results. Finally, in our channel-flow test case, we also illustrate the importance of using conservative filters for the formulation of the VMS Smagorinsky model.     

切延迟椭圆反射腔映射系统混沌序列的改进与彩色图像加密算法

为了提高切延迟椭圆反射腔映射系统(TD-ERCS)的性能,实现对彩色图像信息的有效保护,提出了一种对TD-ERCS混沌序列的改进和基于该改进序列的彩色图像加密算法。分析与研究了TD-ERCS并加以改进,得到随机性能理想的四维混沌实值序列和二值序列;将彩色图像RGB三分量合成一图像后应用改进的TD-ERCS混沌序列以8×8分块置乱,从而加密图像。理论分析和实验结果表明,TD-ERCS改进序列性能更好;彩色图像加密算法密钥空间大,具有较好的加密效果和高的加密效率,并对统计分析具有较好的安全性和较强的抗JPEG压缩攻击能力。