Understanding value creation in closed loop supply chains – Past findings and future directions

The topic of value creation through the recovery of returned products in closed loop supply chains is scattered across various bodies of literature. We undertake a systematic literature review of 144 articles in relevant green, reverse and closed loop supply chain literature to synchronize existing knowledge on value creation. Value manifestations of four types of value, namely economic, environmental, information and customer value, are identified. Value adding concepts from the forward- and reverse supply chain may leverage the process of value creation. They are classified into six subclasses, namely partnerships and collaboration, product design characteristics, service concepts, IT solutions, supply chain processes and organizational characteristics. We present a conceptual framework on a strategic level. In this way companies can create competitive advantages by closing the loop. The results of the literature analysis suggest avenues for future research on the operational and strategic level.     

Does decision quality (always) increase with the size of information samples? Some vicissitudes in applying the law of large numbers.

Adaptive decision making requires that contingencies between decision options and their relative assets be assessed accurately and quickly. The present research addresses the challenging notion that contingencies may be more visible from small than from large samples of observations. An algorithmic account for such a seemingly paradoxical effect is offered within a satisficing-choice framework. Accordingly, a choice is only made when the sample contingency describing the relative evaluation of the 2 options exceeds a critical threshold. Small samples, because of the high dispersion of their sampling distribution, facilitate above-threshold contingencies. Across a broad range of parameters, the resulting small-sample advantage in terms of hits is stronger than their disadvantage in false alarms. Computer simulations and experiments support the model predictions. The relative advantage of small samples is most apparent when information loss is low, when the threshold is high relative to the ecological contingency, and when the sampling process is self-truncated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RFID电子门票解决方案(三)

继第二、三期的专题连载(一)和(二)之后,这次介绍门票系统的扩展和系统的优势,并且给出了各种门票的对比表。     

Small-scale CDM projects in a competitive electricity industry: How good is a simplified baseline methodology?

Setting baseline emissions is one of the principal tasks involved in awarding credits for greenhouse gas emission (GHG) mitigation projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). An emission baseline has to be project-specific in order to be accurate. However, project-specific baseline calculations are subject to high transaction costs, which disadvantage small-scale projects. For this reason, the CDM-Executive Board (CDM-EB) has approved simplified baseline methodologies for selected small-scale CDM project categories. While the simplified methods help reduce the transaction cost, they may also result in inaccuracies in the estimation of emission reductions from CDM projects. The purpose of this paper is to present a rigorous economic scheduling method for calculating the GHG emission reduction in a hypothetical competitive electricity industry due to the operation of a renewable energy-based power plant under CDM and compare the GHG emission reduction derived from the rigorous method with that obtained from the use of a simplified (i.e., standardized) method approved by the CDM-EB. A key finding of the paper is that depending upon the level of power demand, prices of electricity and input fuels, the simplified method can lead to either significant overestimation or substantial underestimation of emission reduction due to the operation of renewable energy-based power projects in a competitive electricity industry.     

隔河岩水电厂220 kV线路保护配置及运行分析

介绍了隔河岩电厂220kV线路保护的原理设计及运行情况，以及采用了双重微机化继电保护装置后带来的优越性，简要描述了CSL-101A高频保护和RCS-931A光纤保护的应用特点。     

土壤源热泵原理及工程实例介绍

简述土壤源热泵基本工作原理、埋管形式、优势及实用性,工程实例介绍北京九华山庄二期土壤热泵系统的设计、施工、调试情况,阐述了选择复合式系统的理由。     

A Dynamic Dictionary for Priced Information with Application

In this paper we design a dynamic dictionary for the priced information model initiated by Charikar et al. Assume that a set S consisting of n elements is given such that each element has an associated price, a positive real number. The cost of performing an operation on elements of S is a function of their prices. The cost of an algorithm is the sum of the costs of all operations it performs. The objective is to design algorithms which incur low cost. In this model we propose a dynamic dictionary, supporting search, insert and delete, for keys drawn from a linearly ordered set. As an application we show that the dictionary can be used in computing the trapezoidal map of a set of line segments, a fundamental problem in computational geometry.     

Analysis and visualisation with host-based software – The features of STNAnaVist™

This article is based on experiences with data and text mining to gain information for strategic business decisions, using host-based analysis and visualisation (A/V), primarily in the field of patents. The potential advantages of host-based A/V are pointed out and the features of the first such A/V software, STN^®AnaVist™, are described in detail. Areas covered include the user interfaces, initial set of documents for A/V, data mining, text mining, reporting, and suggestions for further development.     

NEURAL NETS SPEED FLOW CALCULATION

Neural Nets Successfully Solve Complex Fluid Flow Problem. Much research is being done in the area of neural networks, and industry is actively seeking successful application to real world problems. We describe here a successful application. We have used neural networks to model complex coolant flow patterns, such as those encountered in design of hypersonic aircraft. Previous calculation methods, while reasonably accurate, are iterative and extremely time consuming. Our new approach uses a hierarchical neural network architecture to model coolant flow distribution in multiple heat exchanger panels. This method is direct, fast, and accurate.