数控机床工作台抖动的原因及分析

针对目前维修过程中经常遇到的有关机床工作台抖动的现象,进一步分析阐述了引起数控机床工作台抖动的原因及处理方法,有效避免在加工过程中由于工作台抖动而引起零件质量问题。     

数控机床进给系统产生爬行的机理分析

数控机床在低速进给时,产生非匀速爬行,对加工精度和零件表面质量非常不利.本文应用控制理论对机床进给系统的爬行现象进行了理论分析,建立了进给系统的数学模型,用有限差分法对模型进行了求解,在此基础上,系统地研究了产生爬行的各种条件及影响爬行的主要因素,提出了解决爬行问题的几种措施,指出降低导轨摩擦系数是克服爬行的最直接有效的方法.     

TD75型带式输送机跑偏原因分析与调整

输送带蛇行及偏移是带式输送机的常见故障。从现象入手分析了其原因并阐述处理故障的办法。     

重型数控卧式车床进给系统动力学分析

重型数控卧式机床进给系统在低速运行时,易产生爬行现象,严重影响机床的加工精度、表面粗糙度和定位精度。应用齿轮系统动力学理论分析进给系统的爬行机理,建立进给系统动力学模型,利用Newmark数值方法求解该动力学模型,并采用LMS Virtual.Lab Motion软件模拟进给系统拖板箱的进给位移,为爬行问题的解决奠定基础。     

链带铸型机运动特征测试与分析

构建了铸型机运动特征测试系统,在现场测试的基础上分析了铸型机链带系统爬行与工况的关系,及爬行发生时的时域、频域特征。通过两主动链轮的时域、频域分析,探讨了铸锭打印及链轮多边形效应对主动链轮速度稳定性的影响,并对两主动链轮的运动相位差、轴承磨损、不对中特征与铸型爬行的关联性进行了分析。     

数控机床进给系统爬行与振动故障的检测与维修

数控机床是机械、液压、电气和计算机技术高度集成的一体化产品，其故障的发生也多数是机械、液压、电气等方面的综合反映。分析数控机床进给系统爬行与振动现象的产生原因，阐述故障的诊断与维修，并通过实例说明诊断与维修技术方法。     

Fungal spore transport through a building structure

The study carried out laboratory measurements with a full-scale timber frame structure to determine penetration of inert particles with size distribution from 0.6 to 4 microm and spores of Penicillium and Cladosporium through the structure. Pressure difference over and air leakage through the structure were varied. Measurements at moderate pressure differences resulted in the penetration factors within the range of 0.05-0.2 for inert particles, and indicated also the penetration of fungal spores through the structure. The measurements showed that the penetration was highly dependent on pressure difference over the structure but not on holes in surface boards of the structure. The results show that surface contacts between the frames and mineral wool may have a significant effect on penetration. The penetration was approximately constant within particle size rage of 0.6-2.5 microm, but particles with diameter of 4.0 microm did not penetrate through the structure at all even at a higher-pressure difference of 20 Pa, except in the case of direct flow-path through the structure. Results have important consequences for practical design showing that penetration of fungal spores through the building envelope is difficult to prevent by sealing. The only effective way to prevent penetration seems to be balancing or pressurizing the building. In cold climates, moisture condensation risk should be taken into account if pressure is higher indoors than outdoors. Determined penetration factors were highly dependent on the pressure difference. Mechanical exhaust ventilation needs a special consideration as de-pressurizing the building may cause health risk if there is hazardous contamination in the building envelope exists.     

Some new concepts for encoding line patterns

A scheme for encoding patterns composed of straight strokes is presented. The code for such a configuration is a sequence of turning and end points. These points which completely characterize the patterns considered are extracted from the straight line segments in the pattern oriented in eight principal directions. The method has the advantage of working directly with the given thick pattern rather than with its thinned version. It is shown how these two new concepts viz. turning and end points can be extended to the recognition problem. Alphanumerals of a particular font are analysed using simple decision methods. The scheme seems to have wider applicability in the area of network analysis, graph theory and computer perception of planar drawings.     

Microbial contamination of indoor air due to leakages from crawl space: a field study

Mechanical exhaust ventilation system is typical in apartment buildings in Finland. In most buildings the base floor between the first floor apartments and crawl space is not air tight. As the apartments have lower pressure than the crawl space due to ventilation, contaminated air may flow from the crawl space to the apartments. The object of this study was to find out whether a potential air flow from crawl space has an influence on the indoor air quality. The results show that in most cases the concentration of fungal spores was clearly higher in the crawl space than inside the building. The size distribution of fungal spores depended on the fungal species. Correlation between the fungal spores in the crawl space and indoors varied with microbial species. Some species have sources inside the building, which confounds the possible relation between crawl pace and indoor concentrations. Some species, such as Acremonium, do not normally have a source indoors, but its concentration in the crawl space was elevated; our measurements showed also elevated concentrations of Acremonium in the air of the apartments. This consistent finding shows a clear linkage between fungal spores in the indoor air and crawl space. We conclude that a building with a crawl space and pressure difference over the base floor could be a potential risk for indoor air quality in the first floor apartments.     

数控机床工作台与导轨部件对进给爬行的影响

数控机床在低速进给时,产生非匀速爬行,对加工精度和工件表面质量非常不利。应用控制理论对机床进给系统的爬行现象进行了理论分析,建立了进给系统的数学模型,用有限差分法对模型进行了模拟。在此基础上,系统研究了各种因素对爬行的影响,着重分析了工作台与导轨的摩擦对爬行起的作用,并且对不同摩擦力工作状态下的系统进行了对比,最后进行了实际测试验证。