Full AC analysis of value of DER to the grid and optimal DER scheduling

This paper presents part of the work ComEd and Quanta Technology have performed to quantify the locational and temporal value of DER to avoid distribution grid upgrade investments. It focuses on the formulation of a robust and efficient algorithm for DER optimal dispatch on a distribution feeder to mitigate the violation of current and voltage limits using the allocated cost of capacity and locational marginal value of real and reactive DER injection/withdrawal.     

浅谈分布式区域冷热电联供系统

建筑节能已成为我国节能技术领域的重要议题。冷热电三联供技术是充分利用低品位热能的一种有效手段,该系统能源综合利用率高,一般均可达到70%以上。本文阐述了分布式区域冷热电联供系统的原理和特点,提出一种基于热气机的天然气能源岛系统。并指出充分推动分布式区域冷热电联供技术的应用,对于能源节约、环境保护、能源安全以及资本有效运作具有十分重要的意义。     

基于面向对象方法的ASN.1编解码的设计与实现

随着计算机和通信技术的发展，ASN．1作为多种协议在表示层的抽象语法记法，它的作用在多媒体通信，协议测试等领域都非常重要。该文采用面向对象的设计方法实现了ASN．1标准X690，同时，通过比较各种编码规则的特点，在BER编解码实现的基础上，给出CER、DER及PER编码的实现方案，据此实现的ASN．1编解码对外提供了一致的接口，具有很好的通用性。     

中国信息化趋势报告(三十四)信息资源整合技术报告(1)

信息资源整合（IRI）技术，是我们自1986年在国内率先引进国际先进的信息工程和数据管理等理论方法，经过十多年的研究实践和．营、结创新，为政府部门和企事业单位的信息资源开发利用提供的一整套理论方法、标准规范和支持工具等关键性的系列技术。通过长期的研究开发和多项试点示范工程的成功，获得了一批技术成果，证明了IRI技术对消除“信息孤岛”，避免信息化“黑洞”具有突出的效用。本报告阐明了信息资源整合的前提是进行统一的信息资源规划，信息资源整合的基础是建立信息资源管理基础标准，信息资源整合的实质是数据环境的重建。推广IRI技术对于加强信息资源开发利用工作，推进国家信息化建设，具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

采用基于市场控制的微网分布式能量优化方法

为了控制微网内各类分布式能源的协调运行,同时适应能源互联网的核心理念,提出了采用基于市场控制的微网分布式能量优化方法。首先,从理论上论证了该方法与集中式能量优化方法的等价性,并建立了分布式能量优化的通用流程。然后,基于启发式规则,系统地提出了分布式电源、可平移负荷、储能、联络线等资源的投标策略。最后,通过仿真计算,验证了该方法在削峰填谷、经济性以及提高可再生能源消纳率等方面的效果。所提出的方法利用各分布式能源的分布式决策代替传统的集中式优化,能够更好地保护用户隐私,并能够适应各种类型的分布式能源以标准化方式接入不同规模微网的要求。     

考虑污染物排放约束的传统电厂与虚拟电厂间环境经济调度模型

为有效实现分布式能源(distributed energy resource,DER)单元参与电力系统能源市场,深度挖掘负荷侧灵活供能潜力,首先建立虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)作为管理运行分布式能源的代理模型,并基于组件特性分析对虚拟电厂的外特性进行了量化;然后基于当前电力行业面临的经济环境热点问题,建立了考虑污染物排放约束的传统电厂(conventional power plant,CPP)和虚拟电厂间的环境经济调度(environmental economic dispatch,EED)二阶约束二阶规划(quadratically constraint quadratic programming,QCQP)模型;接着介绍了CPLEX优化引擎和YALMIP软件包的功能,并采用建模与求解解耦的方式来求解模型;最后对改进10机系统进行仿真计算,验证了所提模型的有效性和正确性。     

2011年国际供电会议系列报道:分布式能源发展与用户侧电能的高效利用

对第21届国际供电会议的分布式能源(DER)与高效用能专题进行了梳理,围绕分布式电源(DG)/DER规划及研究、含DG/DER的配电网控制、用户侧发展及DG/DER技术4个方向详细归纳并介绍了世界范围内在该领域研究工作的重点、难点与进展情况。所述内容希望能够开拓中国学者在相关研究领域的视野,加深对当前配电网所面临的问题、机遇与挑战的理解,并最终推动国内智能配电网相关技术的研究、开发与工程应用。     

Energy management system for smart grid: An overview and key issues

Energy crisis and the global impetus to “go green” have encouraged the integration of renewable energy resources, plug-in electric vehicles, and energy storage systems to the grid. The presence of more than one energy source in the grid necessitates the need for an efficient energy management system to guide the flow of energy. Moreover, the variability and volatile nature of renewable energy sources, uncertainties associated with plug-in electric vehicles, the electricity price, and the time-varying load bring new challenges to the power engineers to achieve demand-supply balance for stable operation of the power system. The energy management system can effectively coordinate the energy sharing/trading among all available energy resources, and supply loads economically in all the conditions for the reliable, secure, and efficient operation of the power system. This paper reviews the framework, objectives, architecture, benefits, and challenges of the energy management system with a comprehensive analysis of different stakeholders and participants involved in it. The review paper gives a critical analysis of the distributed energy resources behavior and different programs such as demand response, demand-side management, and power quality management implemented in the energy management system. Different uncertainty quantification methods are also summarized. This review paper also presents a comparative and critical analysis of the main optimization techniques used to achieve different energy management system objectives while satisfying multiple constraints. Thus, the review offers numerous recommendations for research and development of the cutting-edge optimized energy management system applicable for homes, buildings, industries, electric vehicles, and the whole community.     

Reunification: The case for concerted regulatory reform in the U.S. electricity industry

America’s electricity system is in a state of regulatory disarray, and has been for two decades, since the move to restructure the industry that began in the 1990s, which initially faltered with the California crisis of 2000–2001, eventually resulted in a patchwork of state regulatory models, some of which adopted some form of modified restructuring, and others which explicitly resisted it. Many in the industry have attempted to put a positive spin on this patchwork of starkly different regulatory models, arguing that they represent different “laboratories” for exploring the benefits and limitations of each variant. This paper argues that the opposite is the case, and that the reluctance of the industry to make a frank assessment of the benefits and drawbacks of restructuring, and in particular to address the question of why the “flawed” regulatory model that it was intended to replace continues to survive and even thrive in much of the country, has produced a sort of stagnation, in which there is much talk of evolution in regulation and new business models, but little or no tangible progress. The fact that new trends and developments in the industry, such as declining electricity growth and the rise of distributed energy resources, will present serious challenges to all existing regulatory and business models in the electricity industry, makes it imperative that a fresh and unbiased look be taken at regulatory policy. But more than this, to avoid the stagnation that regulatory “agnosticism” has produced over the past two decades, the industry should set as its goal the search for a single state regulatory model that will be flexible enough to accommodate regional differences in generation sources and distributed generation penetration, and adaptable enough to effectively manage the changes which are arising from changing electricity usage patterns and new technological developments. The paper concludes with some suggestions on how to effectively conduct such a program.