SFG and DFG investigation of Au(111), Au(210), polycrystalline Au,Au–Cu and Au–Ag–Cu electrodes in contact with aqueous solutions containing KCN and 4-cyanopyridine

We report on potential-dependent in situ SFG and DFG spectroscopy carried out at Au(111), Au(210), polycrystalline Au, Au–Cu and Au–Ag–Cu electrodes in contact with aqueous solutions containing CN⁻ and 4-cyanopyridine (4CP). Spectroelectrochemical work was complemented by cyclic voltammetry. The chief stress has been placed on systematising and quantifying the interaction between 4CP and CN⁻ and the attending effects on the vibrational and electronic structures of the interface. The voltammetric behaviour of the investigated electrodes, modified by the addition of 4CP to the CN⁻ electrolyte, denote changes in the CN⁻ adsorption characteristics and effects of the adsorbed CN⁻ layer on the electrodic reactivity of 4CP. The differences among the investigated electrodes can be explained in terms of their respective degrees of atomic packing or with alloying effects on the stability of adsorbed CN⁻. The potential-dependent spectra have been analysed quantitatively with a model for the second order non linear susceptibility accounting for vibrational and electronic effects. The spectral changes induced by addition of 4CP denote interaction of the aromatic with the electrode through the CN⁻ monolayer. The non-resonant contribution yields information on the effects of 4CP on the fine structure of the bound electron density of states.     

二进制翻译中代码生成的子图覆盖算法

二进制翻译技术能够有效解决二进制兼容问题,促进新型体系结构的发展,也是虚拟机技术的重要组成部分,具有重要的研究和应用价值,但是其效率仍然有待提升,特别是目标代码生成的效率。设计了一种高效的目标代码生成算法——代码生成的子图覆盖算法(subgraph covering for code generation,SCCG),能够以尽可能少的代价生成精简的目标代码。该算法应用数据流图对二进制代码中的基本块进行建模,获取指令间的数据相关,并采用基于子图覆盖的贪心算法得到目标代码。在TransARM原型系统中进行了实现和测试,结果表明该算法获得了更优质的目标代码,并且成本得到了有效控制。     

基于可重构系统的时域划分技术的研究

可重构计算是一种介于ASIC和通用微处理器之间的新的提升计算机性能的方法,对于数字信号处理、流媒体技术、图像压缩、密码学、生物信息处理等计算密集型方面的应用,可重构计算技术可以发挥巨大的优势。基于具有较少重构时间的实时可编程逻辑器件(如FPGA)的用户可编程性,其可作为多种硬件资源使用。如果其配置信息可以迅速更改,则由逻辑器件实现的硬件功能也可实现迅速切换。硬件资源的大小是有限的,那些超过器件有效硬件资源的较大任务需要通过时域划分来解决。该文对可重构计算以及时域划分的定义、分类,国内外研究现状和常见的研究方法做了详细的描述,并综合分析了一系列时域划分算法并进行了相关比较。     

基于CMAC的双馈水轮发电机系统控制策略研究

针对可调速双馈水轮发电机系统的不确定性、非线性和参数时变的特点，提出了一种采用小脑模型(CMAC)神经网络的自适应控制策略。该控制策略以系统动态误差和给定信号量作为CMAC的激励信号，并与自适应神经网络控制器相结合构成系统的复合控制。该文对双馈水轮发电机系统的稳态调节和暂态特性进行了数字仿真研究，并与常规的PID控制进行比较。结果表明，基于CMAC的自适应控制策略对系统模型结构和参数变化、负荷扰动都具有很好的适应性和鲁棒性，控制品质优良，是一种适于在线学习控制的双馈水轮发电机系统控制方法。     

Experimental realization of 40 Gbit/s single-to-single and single-to-dual channel wavelength conversions in LiNbO3 waveguides with two-pump configuration

An all-optical 40 Gbit/s tunable single-tosingle channel wavelength conversion is experimentally realized based on cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation (cSFG/DFG) in periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides. By employing two tunable filters to effectively suppress the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, both wavelength down- and upconversions are simultaneously observed. We also propose and verify a novel cSFG/DFG-based single-todual channel wavelength conversion by setting two pumps (pumpl, pump2) close to each other or pump2 and the signal close to each other. For the latter, two kinds of cSFG/DFG schemes are both demonstrated The dependence of the conversion efficiencies of two channel idler waves on pumpl wavelength is discussed.The wavelength relationships between two channel idler waves and the three incident waves are investigated in detail theoretically as well as experimentally.     

Optimized RTL Code Generation from Coarse-Grain Dataflow Specification for Fast HW/SW Cosynthesis

This paper presents a new methodology of automatic RTL code generation from coarse-grain dataflow specification for fast HW/SW cosynthesis. A node in a coarse-grain dataflow specification represents a functional block such as FIR and DCT and an arc may deliver multiple data samples per block invocation, which complicates the problem and distinguishes it from behavioral synthesis problem. Given optimized HW library blocks for dataflow nodes, we aim to generate the RTL codes for the entire hardware system including glue logics such as buffer and MUX, and the central controller. In the proposed design methodology, a dataflow graph can be mapped to various hardware structures by changing the resource allocation and schedule information. It simplifies the management of the area/performance tradeoff in hardware design and widens the design space of hardware implementation of a dataflow graph. We also support Fractional Rate Dataflow (FRDF) specification for more efficient hardware implementation. To overcome the additional hardware area overhead in the synthesized architecture, we propose two techniques reducing buffer overhead. Through experiments with some real examples, the usefulness of the proposed technique is demonstrated.

嵌入式系统在资源争用条件下的软硬件划分

以一种具有时间约束的数据流图DFG的可调度性分析为基础,提出一种软硬件划分算法．该算法将由共享资源争用引起的性能影响考虑在内,使得软硬件划分能依据更为精确的性能分析结果,由此将缩小软硬件划分中性能估计同实际运行状况之间的差异,提高划分的合理性,也使得目标系统的性能获得更可靠的保证．     

Experimental investigation of nonlinear process based on cSHG/DFG in PPLN waveguide

Effects of second harmonic generation (SHG) and cascaded second harmonic generation/difference frequency generation(cSHG/DFG) based on the quasi-phase-matching (QPM) condition in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide were investigated experimentally. SHG conversion efficiency of-13.6 dB and QPM bandwidth of 0.45 nm were achieved using a 16.1 dBm power of fundamental wave at 1550.4 nm. Using pulsed all-fiber passive mode locked laser and tunable continuous wave laser,cSHG/DFG effect utilized for optical sampling was observed. Conversion efficiencies were calculated, and 11.88 nm-wide QPM bandwidth was achieved through changing the wavelength of input signal. Conversion efficiency of cSHG/DFG effect increased linearly with the total injected power.     

基于差频激光源的微量气体光声光谱检测系统

在周期极化的铌酸锂晶体中混合1．5－1．6μm可调谐半导体激光和1.064μmNd,YAG调Q脉冲激光,得到3．35－3．66μm的连续可调谐窄线宽激光脉冲,平均输出功率达0.2mW,实验装置比OPO相对简单,紧凑,无振荡阈值,根据该差频发生器的输出特性,设计了共振频率可调的光声池和光声光谱检测系统,并首次利用该系统对低浓度的CH4样品气体进行了光声谱测量,实验结果显示了系统在微量气体测量方面的优越性。     

Development of a Broadly Tunable Mid-Infrared Laser Source for Highly Sensitive Multiple Trace Gas Detection

A room-temperature broadly tunable mid-infrared difference frequency laser source for highly sensitive trace gas detection has been developed recently in our laboratory. The mid-infrared laser system is based on quasi-phase-matched （QPM） difference frequency generation （DFG） in a multigrating, temperature-controlled periodically poled LiNbO3 （PPLN） crystal and employs two near-infrared diode lasers as pump sources. The mid-infrared coherent radiation generated is tunable from 3.2 μm to 3.7μm with an output power of about 100 μW. By changing one of the pump laser head with another wavelength range, we can readily obtain other needed mid-infrared wavelength range cover. The performance of the mid-infrared laser system and its application to highly sensitive spectroscopic detection of CH4, HCl, CH2O, and NO2 has been carried out. A multi-reflection White cell was used in the experiment gaining ppb-level sensitivity. The DFG laser system has the features of compact, room-temperature operation, narrow line-width, and broadly continuous tunable range for potential applications in industry and environmental monitoring.