超临界CO2连续式萃取精馏鱼油中EPA和DHA的试验研究

研究了用超临界CO2萃取鱼油中EPA和DHA的连续式流程，探讨了鱼油与CO2流量比、压力、温度梯度以萃取效果的影响，并进一步探讨了萃取的工艺参数。     

Concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in glyceride by hydrolysis of fish oil withcandida cylindracea lipase

In an attempt to concentrate the content of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in a glyceride mixture containing triglyceride, diglyceride and monoglyceride, fish oil was hydrolyzed with six kinds of microbial lipase. After the hydrolysis, free fatty acid was removed and fatty acid components of the glyceride mixtures were analyzed. When the hydrolysis withCandida cylindracea lipase was 70% complete, the DHA content in the glyceride mixture was three times more than that in the original fish oil. The EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) content became almost 70% of the original fish oil. Hydrolysis with other lipases did not result in an increase in the DHA content in the glyceride mixtures. Hydrolysis of DHA-rich tuna oil (DHA content is about 25%) withCandida cylindracea lipase resulted in 53% DHA in the glyceride mixture. The EPA content, however, remained close to that of the original tuna oil. In this report, the acyl chain specificity of lipases is evaluated in terms of hydrolysis resistant value (HRV). HRV is the ratio between the DHA contents in the glyceride mixture of hydrolyzed oil and original oil. HRV clearly indicates differences in hydrolysis between DHA and other fatty acids (e.g., saturated and monoenoic acids).     

Eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5n-3) from the marine microalgaPhaeodactylum tricornutum

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20∶5n-3) was obtained from the marine microalgaePhaeodactylum tricornutum by a three-step process: fatty acid extraction by direct saponification of biomass, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration by formation of urea inclusion compounds, and EPA isolation by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alternatively, EPA was obtained by a similar two-step process without the PUFA concentration step by the urea method. Direct saponification of biomass was carried out with two solvents that contained KOH for lipid saponification. An increase in yield was obtained because the problems associated with emulsion formation were avoided by separating the biomass from the soap solution before adding hexane for extraction of insaponifiables. The most efficient solvent, ethanol (96%) at 60°C for 1 h, extracted 98.3% of EPA. PUFA were concentrated by the urea method with a urea/fatty acid ratio of 4∶1 at a crystallization temperature of 28°C and by using methanol and ethanol as urea solvents. An EPA concentration ratio of 1.73 (55.2∶31.9) and a recover yield of 78.6% were obtained with methanol as the urea solvent. This PUFA concentrate was used to obtain 93.4% pure EPA by semipreparative HPLC with a reverse-phase, C₁₈, 10 mm i.d.×25-cm column and methanol/water (1% acetic acid), 80∶20 w/w, as the mobile phase. Eighty-five percent of EPA loaded was recovered, and 65.7% of EPA present inP. tricornutum biomass was recovered in highly pure form by this three-step downstream process. Alternatively, 93.6% pure EPA was isolated from the fatty acid extract (without the PUFA concentration step) with 100% EPA recovery yield. This two-step process increases the overall EPA yield to 98.3%, but it is only possible to obtain 20% as much EPA as that obtained by three-step downstream processing.     

轻合金覆膜砂专用酚醛树脂的开发研究

采用具有不饱和脂肪直链的EPA改性剂参与合成酚醛树脂，用不饱和脂肪直链段部分取代亚甲基键，使酚醛树脂具有高强度和较低温度分解的特性。研究了EPA的加入量对树脂性质和覆膜砂力学性能的影响，10％是最佳值。热失重试验和高温变形曲线试验结果证明，使用该树脂混制的覆膜砂，具有强度高、溃散性好等特点。实践证明：使用该种覆膜砂浇注铸件后，工人的清砂劳动量下降，工作效率显著提高。     

EPA与PROFIBUS-DP协议转换网关的设计

针对当前各种总线共存、无法实现互连互通的状况．通过对EPA和PRoFIBUS—DP基本特性的分析,提出TEPA与PROFIBUS—DP总线互连的协议转换网关模型,详细介绍了该协议转换网关的硬件结构和软件实现方法,构建了实验测试网络,实际测试表明所研发的EPA与PROFIBUS—DP协议转换网关运行稳定可靠。     

EPA通信卡数据掉电保护的研究与实现

针对EPA通信卡的特点,讨论了EPA通信卡掉电保护的数据类型和保存时机,介绍了EPA通信卡的硬件结构以及Flash的划分,提出掉电保存与恢复的具体方案,并实现了相应的掉电保护程序.该方案已经在数种EPA智能仪表中得以应用,应用表明该方案能有效地实现对EPA通信卡中的现场数据的保存和恢复.     

EPA与FF H1协议网关的研究与实现

针对不同现场总线类型设备间互操作的问题,通过对EPA和FF H1通信模型的分析,提出了EPA与FF H1协议转换网关模型,并介绍了网关的实现方法和硬件结构。最后根据实验数据对网关进行性能分析,结果表明本网关有很好的性能。     

ZigBee接入EPA网络的安全策略

针对ZigBee技术的特点,结合EPA控制网络的安全规范与工业现场实际应用的需要,提出ZigBee接入EPA网络的安全策略与基于安全组态的实现方法。测试表明,通过安全组态增加了设备鉴别、访问控制等安全措施的ZigBee接入点设备和现场设备,有效提高了EPA中ZigBee网络的安全性能,且运行稳定、工作可靠,满足了工作现场的多种需要。     

EPA确定性通信与测试方法研究

EPA通过采用集中调度提高实时性的方案解决了以太网确定性通信的问题,文中详细论述了EPA确定性通信的原理和调度规程,并对通信调度规程的测试方法进行了深入研究,提出了通信调度测试平台的搭建以及测试流程,并对调度顺序、非周期数据声明报文等测试案例进行了分析.