Technological and sensorial properties of liquid nitrogen ice cream enriched with protein from brewing waste (trub)

Debittered trub (brewing waste) is an important source of protein source (70.26%). Trub and whey protein were used for 5% protein enrichment of ice cream frozen by liquid nitrogen. Three formulations were elaborated: ice cream standard (ICS), ice cream with whey protein (ICW) and ice cream with trub (ICT). Chemical composition, rheological properties, texture, overrun, melting rate, scanning electron microscopy and a sensorial test were performed. Results showed that ICT presented a higher viscosity, obtained on the upward curve up to 6.76 Pa s⁻¹, consistency index (22.96 (Pa s⁻¹)ⁿ), hysteresis area (140.40 mPa s⁻¹) and hardness (31113.33 g) but a lower melting rate (0.38 g min⁻¹), overrun (13.92%) and sensorial acceptability than the other formulations. The addition of trub debittered for protein enrichment improved ice cream properties and demonstrated that it could be used as a food ingredient.     

Generation of Technology-Independent Retargetable Analog Blocks

This paper introduces a complete methodology for retargeting of analog cells to different sets of specifications. This methodology is technology-independent, thus allowing the migration, from one technology to another, of the circuit under retargeting. Careful integration of the device sizing and layout generation tasks via the incorporation of layout constraints during the sizing process allows to generate fully functional designs in a few minutes. The methodology is illustrated via the retargeting of a fully-differential Miller-compensated two-stage operational amplifier for a new set of specifications and two different technological processes.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Semiparametric Estimation in Time‐Series Regression with Long‐Range Dependence

Abstract. We consider semiparametric estimation in time‐series regression in the presence of long‐range dependence in both the errors and the stochastic regressors. A central limit theorem is established for a class of semiparametric frequency domain‐weighted least squares estimates, which includes both narrow‐band ordinary least squares and narrow‐band generalized least squares as special cases. The estimates are semiparametric in the sense that focus is on the neighbourhood of the origin, and only periodogram ordinates in a degenerating band around the origin are used. This setting differs from earlier studies on time‐series regression with long‐range dependence, where a fully parametric approach has been employed. The generalized least squares estimate is infeasible when the degree of long‐range dependence is unknown and must be estimated in an initial step. In that case, we show that a feasible estimate which has the same asymptotic properties as the infeasible estimate, exists. By Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluate the finite‐sample performance of the generalized least squares estimate and the feasible estimate.     

Quasi-Chun-Ching Shih''''s Fractional Fourier Transform with Periodicity of 2,3 and M

Based on Chun-Ching Shih's idea, the basic transform was substituted and the quasi-ChunChing Shih's fractional Fourier transform with periodicity of 2, 3 and M was deduced. The two former transforms and the Chun-Ching Shih's fractional Fourier transform were only the particular cases of quasiChun-Ching Shih's fractional Fourier transform with periodicity of M.     

Beyond Boundary Objects: Collaborative Reuse in Aircraft Technical Support

Boundary objects are a critical, but understudied, theoretical construct in CSCW. Through a field study of aircraft technical support, we examined the role of boundary objects in the practical achievement of safety by service engineers. Their resolution of repair requests was preserved in the organization’s memory via three compound boundary objects. These crystallizations did not manifest a static interpretation, but instead were continually reinterpreted in light of meta-negotiations. This suggests design implications for organizational memory systems which can more fluidly represent the meta-negotiations surrounding boundary objects.     

基于知识的可重用构件查询系统KCQ

本文提出了一个基于知识的、支持面向对象程序设计方法的软件重用构件查询系统，本系统采用了语义网络知识表示模型，提供了构件知识表示语言ＣＫＲＬ，来描述可重用构件的特征和用于检索的知识．提供了语义网络联想式查询、条件查询和构件评价．     

Object-extending class transformations

Reorganisation and evolution of class hierarchies is important for object-oriented system development and has received considerable attention in the literature. The contributions of this paper are: (1) a formal study of a set of extension relations and transformations on class hierarchies; (2) a presentation of a small set of primitive transformations which form a minimal and complete basis for the extension relations; and (3) an analysis of the impact of these transformations at the object level.The study leads to a better understanding of evolution and reuse of object-oriented software and class hierarchies. It also provides a terminology and a means of classification for design reuse. The theory presented in this paper is based on the Demeter data model, which gives a concise mathematical foundation for classes and their inheritance and part-of relationships. Parts of the theory have been implemented in the Demeter System ^TM C++, a CASE tool for object-oriented design and programming.