一种改进的ICMP差错报文处理的IPSec协议

本文分析了IPSec协议在通道模式下对ICMP差错报文不能正确转发的问题,并对原IPSec协议进行改进,提出了一种对SA改进的IPSec解决方案。改进后的方案能够在保持原IPSec特性的基础上解决该问题,并能够与已有的IPSec实施方案兼容。     

Challenges in Moving to “Health Information for Action”: An Infrastructural Perspective From a Case Study in Tajikistan

Health information systems (HIS) in developing countries are mainly characterized as being “data led,” with vast amounts of data being routinely collected, but with limited evidence of them being used “for action.” While past research and practice have made significant progress in understanding issues contributing to this situation, limited advancement has been made as to how to redress the situation. Further, infrastructure issues impeding data use have also not been significantly highlighted in existing research. Drawing on a longitudinal case of the design, development and implementation of HIS in Tajikistan, we argue that a reason for this weak progress has been the rather narrow focus on technology, ignoring the broader issues that influence its uptake and use. We explore this through an “infrastructure” lens to enable a more holistic perspective to understand complex socio-technical networks with a multiplicity of interests, actors and technologies in play which need to be aligned. A key contribution of this paper is the identification of facets of a health information infrastructure which helps to identify both the constraints and opportunities in making a transition from a data-led to an action-led system.     

Freeze-fracture of lipids and model membrane systems

Model membrane systems are used extensively in all aspects of membrane research, and freeze-fracture is the preeminent procedure for directly visualizing local structure in these lipid dispersions. Here we describe in detail the formation of liposomes and how freeze-fracture is routinely employed as a complementary technique to biophysical and biochemical procedures in the characterization of multilamellar vesicles (most commonly known as liposomes) and unilamellar vesicles. Many preparative procedures exist for the formation of multi- and unilamellar vesicles. Examples of each system are given and their properties as well as freeze-fracture morphology are discussed. The detection of lipid-phase transitions is considered, in particular, with emphasis on the application of freeze-fracture to the study of lipid polymorphism. We briefly discuss the fracturing of apolar lipids which do not adopt bilayer structures but which can be stabilized into microemulsions by a phospholipid monolayer. Finally, a critical assessment is made of filipin as a morphological marker for cholesterol domains in the plane of the bilayer.     

Computation of line and continuum radiation from thermal radioastronomical sources

Title of program: RCMBLN Catalogue number: AAEG Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland (see application form in this issue). Computer: IBM 360/65; Installation: University College London Computer Centre. Operating system: OS Programming language used: FORTRAN IV High speed storage required: 25000 words No. of bits in a word: 32 Overlay structure: None No. of magnetic tapes required: 2 (optional) Other peripherals used: Card reader, line printer, card punch, (optional) disk(s). No. of cards in combined program and test deck: 1239 Card punching code: EBCDIC CPC Library subprograms used: Catalogue number: AAEH; Title: SELECT BN, CN VALUES; Ref. in CPC: This paper.     

ILTHII — Analysis of the spectrum of a thermal radioastronomical source

Title of program: ILTHII Catalogue number: AAEF Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland (see application form in this issue). Computer: IBM 360/65; Installation: University College London Computer Centre Operating system: OS Programming language used: FORTRAN IV High speed storage required: 24000 words. No. of bits in a word: 32 Overlay structure: Overlaid (29000 words required if not overlaid) No. of magnetic tapes required: None Other peripherals used: Card reader, line printer, card punch (optional) No. of cards in combined program and test deck: 4016 Card punching code: EBCDIC