Lattice Distortion Analysis Directly from High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Images—the LADIA Program Package

Direct strain mapping from high resolution transmission electron microscopy images is possible for coherent structures.At proper imaging conditions the intensity peaks in the image have a constant spatial relationship with the projected atom columns.This allows the determination of the geometry of the projected unit cell without comparison with image simulations.The fast procedure is particularly suited for the analysis of large areas.The software package LADIA is written in the PV-WAVE code and provides all necessary tools for image processing and analysis.Image iintensity peaks are determined by a cross-correlation technique,which avoids problems from noise in the low spatial frequency renage.The lower limit of strain that can be detected at a sampling rate of 44 pixels/nm is ≈2%.     

Young’s modulus of crystalline C60 nanotubes studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy

Bending tests of crystalline nanotubes composed of fullerene C₆₀ molecules are performed inside a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. We fixed one side of a C₆₀ nanotube with a body-centered tetragonal structure with typical inner and outer diameters, i.e., 180 nm and 510 nm, respectively, and then applied concentrated forces on the other side using piezomanipulation of a silicon nanotip. The bending process was observed in situ by transmission electron microscopy with simultaneous measurements of the forces by an optical deflection method. It was found that the Young’s modulus of the nanotube was estimated to be 62–107 GPa, which was 1.1–3.3 times larger than that of C₆₀ nanowhiskers. The result concerning the increase in the Young’s modulus of the C₆₀ nanotube provided an experimental evidence for the structural model composed of an inner core and a surface shell for C₆₀ nanowhiskers.     

Classification of vegetable oils by high-resolution <Superscript>13</Superscript>C NMR spectroscopy using chromatographically obtained oil fractions

¹³C NMR spectra of oil fractions obtained chromatographically from 109 vegetable oils were obtained and analyzed to evaluate the potential use of those fractions in the classification of vegetable oils and to compare the results with the NMR analysis of complete oils. The oils included the following: virgin olive oils from different cultivars and regions of Europe and north Africa; “lampante” olive, refined olive, refined olive pomace, hazelnut, rapeseed, high-oleic sunflower, corn, grapeseed, soybean, and sunflower oils; and mixtures of virgin olive oils from different geographical origins. Oils were divided into two sets of samples. The training set (98 samples) was employed to select the variables that resulted in significant discrimination among the different oil classes. By using stepwise discriminant analysis, more than 98% of correct validated assignments were obtained; these results were confirmed when applied to the test set (11 blind samples). Results suggest that the use of oil fractions considerably increases the discriminating power of NMR in the analysis of vegetable oils.     

一种改进的波束域ESPRIT算法

高分辨方位估计技术在声纳、雷达、通信、地质探测等众多应用领域中占有十分重要的地位.ESPRIT算法作为一种成熟的高分辨算法有运算量小的优点,但其减小了阵列的有效孔径,在现有的高分辨处理设备中,由于空间的限制,阵列不可能随意增大,因此要最大限度的扩大阵列的有效孔径.通过对均匀线列阵下波束域ESPRIT算法(BmESPRIT)的研究,提出了一种基于ESPRIT的新算法,并给出了转换成波束域处理的构造方法.该算法利用后向平移技术,使两子阵列与原阵列具有相同的有效孔径.有效的利用了阵列资源.仿真结果表明在相同条件下该算法的估计性能明显提高.     

A Newton-like finite element scheme for compressible gas flows

Semi-implicit and Newton-like finite element methods are developed for the stationary compressible Euler equations. The Galerkin discretization of the inviscid fluxes is potentially oscillatory and unstable. To suppress numerical oscillations, the spatial discretization is performed by a high-resolution finite element scheme based on algebraic flux correction. A multidimensional limiter of TVD type is employed. An important goal is the efficient computation of stationary solutions in a wide range of Mach numbers, which is a challenging task due to oscillatory correction factors associated with TVD-type flux limiters. A semi-implicit scheme is derived by a time-lagged linearization of the nonlinear residual, and a Newton-like method is obtained in the limit of infinite CFL numbers. Special emphasis is laid on the numerical treatment of weakly imposed characteristic boundary conditions. Numerical evidence for unconditional stability is presented. It is shown that the proposed approach offers higher accuracy and better convergence behavior than algorithms in which the boundary conditions are implemented in a strong sense.     

High-resolution finite difference schemes using curvilinear coordinate grids for DNS of compressible turbulent flow over wavy walls

Direct numerical simulations of compressible turbulent flow over wavy wall geometries have been carried out by solving N–S equations on general curvilinear coordinates. A 6th order WENO scheme with minimized dispersion and controllable dissipation is employed to compute the inviscid fluxes, a 4th order central difference scheme is applied to compute the viscous fluxes, and a 6th order conservative compact scheme is used for computing the geometrical metrics. An implicit LU-SGS method is used for time integration to improve computational efficiency over the explicit schemes such as the Runge–Kutta approach. The validity and applicability of the present algorithm is confirmed by comparing our results with laboratory experimental measurements and DNS results in the literature.     

基于跨接约束的高分辨率SAR 影像与光学影像配准

为了实现高分辨率SAR 影像与光学影像之间自动/半自动配准, 提出了一种新颖、稳健的匹配算法。算法首先利用仿射变换进行SAR 影像和光学影像粗匹配, 简化了整体算法的处理复杂度;然后利用影像边缘稳健性, 使用边缘提取算子分别对SAR 影像和光学影像进行边缘提取, 为后续精匹配做好了数据准备; 最后使用基于边缘纹理跨接约束进行影像之间精匹配, 方法引入了邻域配准约束机制, 很好的解决了经典匹配多峰值效应, 提高了算法稳健性和实用性。以国内机载高分辨率SAR 数据和SPOT 25 PAN 数据为例进行算法验证, 实验结果表明该算法能实现自动/半自动的高分辨率SAR 和光学影像之间的像素级配准。     

Arc-Discharge Synthesis and Microstructure Characterization of AIN Nanowires

AIN nanowires with a hexagonal structure were synthesized using an improved arc-discharge method and their microstructures were characterized using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The synthesized AIN nanowires were of various shapes. Their diameters ranged from 20 to 110 nm and the lengths were up to 20 μm. Most of the AIN nanowires were coated by an amorphous layer of aluminum oxide. Fabrication yield was about several grams. The growth mechanism was considered to be a vapor-liquid-solid process and an AI droplet formed on the top of as-grown AIN nanowire played a role of catalyst.     

Reconstruct azimuth signal and suppress interbeam ambiguities of SPCMB SAR with hybrid filterbank

Conventional Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） systems cannot obtain high-resolution and wide-swath illumination area due to the well-known minimum antenna area constraint. Single Phase Center MultiBeam （SPCMB） technique can overcome this limitation by adding spatial sampling through multiple receivers in azimuth direction. Unfortunately, this approach will lead to an increase of azimuth ambiguities （interbeam ambiguities）, because each receive beam＇s mainlobe overlaps with the other ones＇ sidelobes. This paper proves that the front part of SPCMB SAR systems can be considered to be a hybrid filterbank. Therefore, the azimuth signal can be reconstructed and the interbeam ambiguities can be effectively suppressed by a well-designed hybrid filterbank.     

联合估计混叠度，运动参数和高分辨率图像的JEMAP算法

本文提出一种空域联合估计混叠度，运动参数和高分辨率图像的JEMAP算法，以提高超分辨率处理的适应性，在地面上稳定地获得高于实测卫星图像中所用CCD设备成像精度的高清晰图像。算法根据星戡CCD设备的成像机理，定义卫星图像的混叠度，确定超分辨率处理模型，通过空域迭代联合估计混叠度，运动参数和高分辨率图像。实际卫星图像处理表明JEMAP算法具有很好的适应性和稳定性，包含先验约束能力较强，可以解开欠采样低分辨率输入图像的混叠，重构清晰卫星图像。