论计算思维工程化的层次结构

探讨Wing的计算思维并分析它的局限性,根据计算杌科学与技术中的理论、技术、工程、工具、服务和应用将Wing的计算思维推广到计算机思维,然后讨论计算思维(或计算机思维)的工程化并提出计算思维工程化的层次结构.这一研究将有益于对计算思维、computing思维和computing作为一个学科的理解和研究.     

A centralized tool for managing,archiving, and serving point-in-time data in ecological research laboratories

The recent proliferation of software tools that aid researchers in various phases of data tracking and analysis undoubtedly contribute to successful development of increasingly complex and data-intensive scientific investigations. However, the lack of fully integrated solutions to data acquisition and storage, quality assurance/control, visualization, and provenance tracking of heterogeneous temporal data streams collected at numerous geospatial locations continues to occupy a general problem area for scientists and data managers working in the environmental sciences. We present a new Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) that allows users to: 1) automate the process of pushing real-time data streams from networks of environmental sensors or other data sources to an electronic data archive; 2) to perform basic data management and quality control tasks; and 3) to publish any subset of the data to existing cyberinfrastructure platforms for global discovery and distribution via the World Wide Web. The approach outlined here supports management of: 1) repeated field observations, 2) data from laboratory analysis of field samples, 3) simulation results, and 4) derived values. We describe how the use of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) Representational State Transfer (REST) methods for data model objects and Resource Query Language (RQL) interfaces respond to a basic problem area in environmental modelling by enabling researchers to integrate an electronic data repository with existing workflows, simulation models, or third-party software.     

Designing a personal informatics system for users without experience in self-tracking: a case study

Thanks to the advancements in ubiquitous and wearable technologies, Personal Informatics (PI) systems can now reach a larger audience of users. However, it is not still clear whether this kind of tool can fit the needs of their daily lives. Our research aims at identifying specific barriers that may prevent the widespread adoption of PI and finding solutions to overcome them. We requested users without competence in self-tracking to use different PI instruments during their daily practices, identifying five user requirements by which to design novel PI tools. On such requirements, we developed a new system that can stimulate the use of these technologies, by enhancing the perceived benefits of collecting personal data. Then, we explored how naïve and experienced users differently explore their personal data in our system through a user trial. Results showed that the system was successful at helping individuals manage and interpret their own data, validated the usefulness of the requirements found and inspired three further design opportunities that could orient the design of future PI systems.     

对中国计算机事业发展的若干思考

给出了１９９８年在上海交通大学举行的第７届全国青年计算机学术会议上青年计算机学者提出的一些当前中国计算机领域面临的问题以及对策。     

Factors Associated with Use of Interactive Cancer Communication System: An Application of the Comprehensive Model of Information Seeking

In order to provide insights about cancer patients' online information seeking behaviors, the present study analyzes individuals' transaction log data and reports on how demographics, disease‐related factors, and psychosocial needs predict patterns of service use within a particular Interactive Cancer Communication System (ICCS). Study sample included 294 recently diagnosed breast cancer patients. Data included pretest survey scores of demographic, disease‐related, and psychosocial factors and automatically collected ICCS use data over the 4‐month intervention. Statistical analyses correlated pre‐test survey scores with subsequent, specific types of ICCS service usage. Patterns of online cancer information seeking differed according to the patients' characteristics, suggesting that lower income, less educated women and those lacking in information‐seeking competence use the computer and online services to the same or a greater degree if those services are made available to them. Results of this study can inform more effective resource development for future eHealth applications.     

GIS技术及其在矿业中的应用

介绍了一种多功能的空间信息自动处理和分析技术———地理信息系统（ＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ，ＧＩＳ），阐述了其设计方法，讨论了ＧＩＳ在矿业中应用的若干个方面。     

Role of Universities in IT Education in India

In the wake of the information technology (IT) revolution, the paper describes the changing role of universities to promote IT education in India to generate qualitative and competitive manpower in the face of the mushrooming of private institutions in the field of IT. The rapid growth of private teaching initiatives reflects inadequacies of the public educational system to the needs of the emerging IT environment, especially considering the high prices charged by private training. It is pointed out that the emerging knowledge society and the economy are not going to be based on IT alone, but will depend on the development of both IT and basic research in domain areas. Any policy on IT education should ensure that basic disciplines are not ignored. Universities should develop new and innovative programmes for students from different basic disciplines to give training for high-end jobs. To promote IT education a new innovative concept of earning while learning has recently been introduced. Some of the initiatives started by Delhi University to modify/improve course programmes for IT education are highlighted, looking at the needs of the industry.     

The relevance of microcomputers to health improvement in developing countries

The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and are based on observations, findings and conclusions drawn from a joint WHO-Egypt study in support of that part of the 5-year health plan (1979–1982) of the Ministry of Health of Egypt which dealt with the strengthening of health information systems for the management of health resources. The joint study included the actual pilot operation in two Egyptian provinces - Fayoum and South Cairo - of microcomputer-supported health data collection, validation, processing, printing and distribution, from and to users.Sections 2 and 3 briefly discuss how current and foreseen developments in the medical approaches to many of the major health problems in the developing countries appear to coincide with tremendous breakthroughs in the information technology (Section 6), which in turn contribute to alleviating many of the impediments to the two-way process of information collection, processing, printing and distribution. Section 7 briefly discusses the loaded techno-political issue of micro-informatics technology transfer, and how (Section 8) an international effort could assist in this respect.     

生物医学图像信息技术相关研究

生物医学图像信息技术是一门计算机技术与生物医学相结合的综合性学科,其隶属于医学信息学。生物医学图像信息技术的研究对象为生物体,其主要根据不同光源在不同设备中所显示的图像差异,结合现代信息处理技术,实现对图像信息的收集整理、分析、储存、检索、利用和传播。本文主要对现代生物医学图像信息技术的应用领域及发展情况进行了综述。     

Informatics meets foreign languages COOL ideas for a cross-curricular cooperation

Informatics or computer science (the terms informatics and computer science are used as synonyms in this paper) in Austrian secondary schools is often considered “difficult” and “not interesting” because of mainly mathematical and economical contents. But informatics is much more; it is used in almost every part of the working life and can also cooperate with every subject at school. It offers a wide range of possibilities for COOL (COoperative Open Learning), an Austrian teaching model based on the Dalton Plan that provides also cooperation between different subject matters. Besides the COOL concept this paper describes some ideas for cooperation between informatics and foreign languages at secondary schools and at University level besides just ICT (Information and Communication Technology) or computer-assisted language learning. The presented tasks are part of the project “COOL Informatics” (according to COoperative Open Learning) that aims at developing COOL teaching material based on neurodidactical (Neurodidactics is a relatively young research field that combines the findings of brain research, pedagogy, cognitive psychology and other related fields.) principles for informatics and cross-curricular cooperation from primary school up to University. On the basis of the developed material the following main research questions of the project shall be examined in the course of the next school year: (1) Can COoperative Open Learning methods help to enhance learning? (2) Can learning be enhanced by considering neurodidactical principles in the design of teaching material and in the classroom? As the first test phase of the developed material is still in progress the evaluation is not available at the moment. But the first informal feedback of a vocational school and a programming course at the University shows that it is worth fostering COoperative Open Learning and cross-curricular cooperation.