“LongtiumC2”微处理器流水线设计

介绍一款32位CISC结构微处理器“LongtiumC2”的流水线设计。针对CISC结构微处理器流水线设计的难点,采用微指令流水执行等技术,设计了“LongtiumC2”的7级流水线结构,以及与流水线相关的处理机制和精确中断的实现机制,实现了一个具有较高性能的CISC微处理器的流水线。仿真和综合结果表明,该流水线设计能够满足“LongtiumC2”微处理器的功能和性能要求。     

用8031单片机设计的可编程序调节器

本文介绍了用Ｉｎｔｅｌ８０３１单片微机设计的可编程序控制器的硬件电路原理及软件思路，并对重要模块的设计方法进行了详细的描述。     

The user in the loop: Enabling user participation for self-adaptive applications

Future computing systems must adjust to the user’s situations, habits, and intentions. Self-adaptive applications autonomously adapt to changing contexts without asking the user. However, the self-adaptive behaviour lacks of success if it does not correspond to the user’s personal interaction habits and intentions, particularly for complex scenarios with a high degree of user interaction. Concerning the interaction design, such adaptations can be irritating and distracting for the user if they do not match the current situation. In this article we provide a solution how to integrate the user in the self-adaptation feedback loop. The user will be able to influence the adaptation behaviour at run-time and in the long term by setting individual preferences. Consequently, we achieve a harmonisation between full application autonomy and user control. We implemented our generic concepts by extending an existing self-adaptation middleware with capabilities to respect the user’s application focus and interaction behaviour. A notification-based solution for user participation has been evaluated in a substantial user study with 62 participants. Although participants perceived much better control with our solution, the study made clear that notification design is specific for each adaptation type.     

Interrupt me: External interruptions are less disruptive than self-interruptions

Interruptions are part of everyday life and are known to be disruptive. With the current study we investigated which kind of interruption is more disruptive: external interruptions or self-interruptions. We conducted two experiments, one behavioral experiment (28 participants) and one in which pupil dilation was measured (21 participants). In both experiments, self-interruptions made participants complete the main task slower than external interruptions (occurring at similar moments in the task as the self-interruptions). However, there was no difference between the two kinds of interruptions in the time needed to resume the main task (resumption lag). Instead, the pupil dilation data revealed that the decision to self-interrupt takes about 1 s, resulting in slower performance overall.     

Interruption modelling in medium voltage electrical networks

Failures frequently occur in developing countries' electrical energy distribution networks. This paper proposes an approach to network reliability through modelling the interruptions on medium voltage lines. This modelling is based on a representative feeder sampling of a source station in an urban area. In order to determine the probability law governing these interruptions, statistical techniques were used: density estimation using the kernel method and approximation by the least squares. The results we obtained show that, from the quality of the equipment and their maintenance, interruptions for a given network follow a truncated and shifted gamma distribution or a truncated normal law. For the managers of such systems, these results would allow, amongst other things, reduction in the probability of failure, thus improving operational safety on electricity distribution with medium voltage lines.     

操作系统多任务应用模式实验开发

多个任务的并发执行是计算机操作系统的一个主要特征,为了满足Windows下分时多任务,或实时多任务应用系统的开发,给出通过C程序设计对操作系统中多任务并发执行设计模式开发,提出Windows下利用时钟中断方式进行多任务并发执行的方法。该模式实现系统内多任务在宏观上的"同时"运行,解决Windows环境下用户应用开发自己的分时,或实时多任务应用系统的一般方法和结构。     

激光多普勒测速信号微机处理系统

采用微处理机作为硬件核心，在所编软件程序的支持下，用软件程序代替了传统方法中相当数量电子电路的硬件功能，这样，简化了电路，降低了成本，而且系统在计数数据的可靠性，测速的精度以及数据处理，自动化操作方面都比原系统优化。     

Reliability design of distribution systems using modified genetic algorithms

This investigation presents an evolutionary algorithm to reliably design a distribution system. Adopted reliability indices include failure rate and interruption duration, which are both commonly used in distribution systems. The total cost including the apparatus investment cost and the system interruption cost, is the objective function to be minimized. Reliability constraints on a load point are addressed to ensure the adequacy of the power supply of the load point. The evolutionary optimization algorithm is a modified genetic algorithm (GA), which uses binary and floating-point representations. The proposed GA is compared with the conventional generalized reduced gradient (GRG) method. A secondary substation of the Taiwan Power Company is used in an example of the method's application. The discussed method is simple and effective and is useful for expanding the existing systems and constructing new systems.     

Effect of optimal spinning reserve requirement on system pollution emission considering reserve supplying demand response in the electricity market

Pollution emission reduction is becoming an inevitable global goal. Incorporating pollution reduction goals into power system operation affects several different aspects, such as unit scheduling and system reliability. At the same time, changes in the energy scheduling change the required optimal reserve amount. Optimal spinning reserve scheduling also affects the energy market scheduling. Optimal reserve allocation changes the energy scheduling, which affect the amount of pollution emission. Therefore, incorporating pollution emission reduction and optimal spinning reserve scheduling cannot be studied separately. Analysis of the system effects of pollution reduction should be performed considering the ancillary service market, specificity the optimal spinning reserve scheduling. This problem is addressed in this paper by incorporating optimal spinning reserve scheduling in a combined environment economic dispatch (CEED) in one objective function. The framework of this paper enables the study of the effect of optimal reserve scheduling and emission reduction as well as an analysis of the system effects of pollution reduction. With the increased AMI and smart grid realization, the reserve supplying demand response (RSDR) is becoming an important player in the reserve market, and thus, these resources are also taken into account. In this paper, the objective function is social cost minimization, including the costs associated with energy provision, reserve procurement, expected interruptions and environmental pollution. A MIP-based optimization method is developed, which reduces the computational burden considerably while maintaining the ability to reach to the optimal solution. The IEEE RTS 1996 is used as a test case for numerical simulations, and the results are presented. The numerical results show that optimal reserve scheduling and RSDR utilization resources have a considerable impact on environmental–economic cost characteristics.     

用中断拦截实现对步进伺服电机的变频控制

在数控机床的各类控制系统中 ,由加工工艺要求而需要步进伺服系统在不同的时刻输出不同的转速 ,并且根据步进电机的加减速特性 ,进入步进电机定子绕组的电平信号的频率变化要平滑。在此介绍用中断拦截的方式实现对步进伺服电机的变频控制。