跨音速单自由度非线性颤振--嗡鸣的数值分析

在非结构运动网格耦合欧拉方程求解跨音速非定常流场的基础上，考虑了翼面一操纵面系统的缝隙间网格运动问题。采用中心有限体积法进行空间离散和双时间方法进行时间推进求解非定常欧拉方程。通过与气动力方程的联立求解，在时域内用四步龙格一库塔方法求解结构运动方程。细致地研究了翼面一操纵面系统的跨音速单自由度非线性颤振现象——嗡鸣，阐明了操纵面发生嗡鸣的机理。并在此基础上，数值模拟了有扰流片情况下的操纵面嗡鸣现象，论证了扰流片可以起到抑制嗡鸣发生的作用，具有很好得指导工程实践的价值。     

Characteristics of Fe2O3- coated LiCoO2 and LiCoO2 materials in radiation environments

Emergency power systems in nuclear power plants are necessary for supplying power for safe operation during emergencies. Lithium-ion batteries can be used in power systems, but they have issues with material degradation under irradiation. To solve these problems, the development of an electrode with high stability under irradiation is needed. The electrochemical stability of Fe₂O₃-coated LiCoO₂ (LCO) under irradiation was investigated. Fe₂O₃ is known to have a radiation shielding effect. The X-ray diffraction results for irradiated Fe₂O₃/LCO materials exhibited peaks of pristine LCO. In addition, Fe₂O₃ particles were observed to be well dispersed on LCO by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the retention ratio of the discharge capacity for Fe₂O₃-coated/LCO was more stable than the capacity retention of non-coated LCO under irradiation.     

氨基三乙酸对Ni-Mo/Al2O3催化裂化柴油加氢脱硫脱氮活性的影响

以等体积浸渍法制备Ni-Mo/Al2O3催化裂化柴油加氢处理催化剂,在金属浸渍液配置过程中引入一定比例的络合剂氨基三乙酸（NTA）制备改性催化剂Ni-Mo-NTA/Al2O3,通过改性前后催化剂的对比分析研究氨基三乙酸对催化剂加氢脱硫和脱氮活性的影响。采用100 mL高压加氢反应装置对催化剂进行加氢脱硫、脱氮反应活性评价,并以NH3-TPD,H2-TPR,BET,HRTEM 等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,引入氨基三乙酸后催化剂在不同反应温度等级下加氢脱硫和脱氮活性均有提高,这是由于氨基三乙酸改性后催化剂表面酸量提高,载体与金属作用力削弱,金属还原度提高,孔结构得到改善,MoS2金属堆垛层数集中在2~3层,片晶长度集中在2~4 nm,金属分散度提高。     

30年来大庆加氢裂化装置的发展——纪念我国第一套加氢裂化联合装置建成投产30周年

回顾了我国第一套大型加氢裂化联合装置建成投产的过程以及30年来的发展.对在大庆石化总厂加氢裂化装置上进行的劣质油中压加氢改质和蜡油中压加氢处理的工业试验及其应用作了阐述.     

络合萃取—碱洗法提高催化裂化柴油的安定性

用溶剂和微量萃取剂组成的复合溶剂对催化裂化柴油络合萃取，再结合碱洗来改善其安定性。结果表明，催化裂化柴油经处理之后，油中的氮化物及酸性化合物得到了有效脱除，安定性大大提高；柴油收率达97％以上。溶剂可循环使用。     

Upgrading of LCO by partial hydrogenation of aromatics and ring opening of naphthenes over bi-functional catalysts

Available options to upgrade LCO to diesel fuel are: i) aromatic saturation (ASAT) ii) mild hydrocracking and iii) aromatic saturation followed by selective ring opening (SRO) of naphthenic structures. Although the above mentioned routes lead to significant product quality enhancement, they suffer from several disadvantages. Hydrocracking leads to significant yields in gasoline-range products, ASAT is characterized by a relatively high consumption of hydrogen with only limited improvement of product quality in terms of density and cetane properties, ASAT + SRO route leads to higher improvements of product quality but it requires a very high hydrogen consumption which strongly affects the economics of the process.An alternative upgrading route consists in partial polyaromatic compound saturation and selective opening of both naphthenic and benzo-naphthenic structures to produce less condensed naphthenic structures and alkyl-benzenes respectively. In this case the hydrogen needed to improve product quality at the same level, of cetane properties and density, is lower in comparison with ASAT.This paper reports the results obtained during a research program aimed at upgrading LCO via selective ring opening. The hydroconversion of a low sulfur hydrotreated LCO has been studied over iridium and platinum loaded on different supports. The results of this study indicate that the properties of products heavily depend on the characteristics of the support and the metal used. The data obtained with the Ir/amorphous silica-alumina (MSA) show the possibility to get a clear increase of CN and decrease of density in comparison with the mere aromatic saturation. The practical consequence of this result is the possibility of producing products with CN and density similar to products obtained by complete dearomatization but still containing a significant percentage of aromatic structures so allowing a consistent saving of hydrogen.     

LTAG技术在重油催化裂化装置的工业应用

催化裂化柴油(LCO)十六烷值低、芳烃含量高,性质较差。随着柴油需求持续低迷,压减LCO成为各炼油厂主要的攻关方向。LTAG技术是中国石化石油化工科学研究院近年开发的将催化裂化劣质柴油转化为高辛烷值汽油或轻质芳烃的新技术。该技术利用加氢单元和催化裂化单元组合,将LCO馏分先加氢再进行催化裂化,通过设计加氢LCO转化区同时优化匹配加氢和催化裂化的工艺参数等,实现最大化生产高辛烷值汽油。为压减柴油产量、多产高辛烷值汽油组分,中国石化北京燕山分公司2.0 Mt/a重油催化裂化装置采用LTAG技术进行改造,加氢单元利旧原润滑油加氢处理装置。LTAG技术投用后,汽油收率由43.2%提高到51.8%,柴油收率由20.5%降低至5.9%,液化气收率由17.5%提高到21.5%,干气收率上升0.9百分点,油浆收率增加1.5百分点,焦炭产率降低0.4百分点;汽油中苯质量分数由1.00%提高到1.65%,芳烃质量分数由34.11%提高至38.36%,研究法辛烷值提高2个单位;大幅度压减了该公司的催化裂化柴油库存,缓解了柴油出厂困难的问题。     

MIP催化裂化柴油与渣油联合加氢工艺研究

以长岭渣油作为原料油,在不同操作条件下,研究了中国石化石家庄炼化分公司MIP催化裂化重柴油的掺入对渣油加氢的影响。结果表明,MIP催化裂化重柴油的掺入使得脱硫率和脱(Ni+V)率均有提高,脱硫率最高提高了2.36百分点,脱(Ni+V)率最高提高了3.14百分点。收集渣油加氢生成油进行催化裂化试验,结果表明,按循环操作计算,MIP催化裂化汽油收率可增加8.69百分点。     

LTAG加氢单元原料和产品烃类组成中红外光谱快速分析技术

LTAG工艺在工况调整过程中需要对加氢单元LCO加氢原料和产物烃类组成的进行监控,本研究采集大量催化和加氢柴油样品的中红外光谱结合偏最小二乘方法建立LCO加氢原料和产物烃类组成的中红外分析模型。利用该方法可快速得到LCO加氢原料和产物的详细烃类组成,分析结果和质谱方法分析结果具有良好的一致性,与近红外光谱快速分析方法相比较具有更高的准确性。该方法操作简单、重复性好,能满足现场快速分析的需求。     

催化裂化柴油加氢转化馏分利用方案研究

中国石化大连(抚顺)石油化工研究院开发了以催化裂化柴油为原料生产高辛烷值汽油调合组分新工艺技术（FD2G技术）。针对催化裂化柴油加氢改质产品,通过分析其组分的烃类组成,分别加工利用,对于改善产品结构和提高市场竞争力十分有益。研究结果表明：加工高芳烃催化裂化柴油时,汽油产品芳烃含量高,辛烷值高,其中C6~C8芳烃富集的窄馏分可以作为芳烃抽提装置原料生产化工产品;加工低芳烃含量的催化裂化柴油时,汽油产品中芳烃含量低,辛烷值偏低,可将富集大量环烷烃的窄馏分作为重整装置原料,富含芳烃的窄馏分作为高辛烷值汽油调合组分。