线阵CCD驱动器模块的优化设计

介绍了应用层次分析方法优化设计线阵ＣＣＤ驱动器模块的设计方案。设计出１６档可变积分时间，五档可变驱动频率，具有行同步和采样同步脉冲输出的通用型驱动器模块。它容易与各种计算机接口，广泛地应用于各种光谱仪器、精密尺寸检测仪器中。     

Modular architecture of the microfactories for automatic micro-assembly

The construction of a new generation of MEMS which includes micro-assembly steps in the current microfabrication process is a big challenge. It is necessary to develop new production means named micromanufacturing systems in order to perform these new assembly steps. The classical approach called “top-down” which consists in a functional analysis and a definition of the tasks sequences is insufficient for micromanufacturing systems. Indeed, the technical and physical constraints of the microworld (e.g. the adhesion phenomenon) must be taken into account in order to design reliable micromanufacturing systems. A new method of designing micromanufacturing systems is presented in this paper. Our approach combines the general “top-down” approach with a “bottom-up” approach which takes into account technical constraints. The method enables to build a modular architecture for micromanufacturing systems. In order to obtain this modular architecture, we have devised an original identification technique of modules and an association technique of modules. This work has been used to design the controller of an experimental robotic micro-assembly station.     

基于TMS320C6414的多DSP实时图像处理系统的设计与实现

提出并实现了基于TI的TMS320C6414多DSP的实时图像处理系统。该系统采用模块化设计和多总线结构，并且使用FPGA设计了一种LINK口作为系统的专用图像传输通道。通过该通道使得DSP之间的数据传输速度可以达到3.2Gbit/s。使用DSP的McBSP构成命令通道，用以传输DSP之间的命令消息。通过这两种通道，既可以实现点对点的通信，也可以实现广播方式的通信，并且使该系统具有极强的可扩展性，还可以实现拓扑结构的动态可重构。系统可以根据图像处理算法并行化结构的改变，通过编程实现流水线、SPMD或MPMD结构，以得到较高的并行化效率。     

三维并行工程组织模块化产品开发

本文介绍了三维并行工程的概念与涵义，提出运用三维并行工程组织模块化产品开发的新方法，分为模块化设计、模块化制造、模块化定制与使用等。通过三维并行工程方法管理产品开发可以协调模块化设计、制造与使用之间的冲突。模块化策略部署矩阵、模块团队与交叉功能团队是实施模块化产品开发的有效方法。     

A complete axiomatic semantics of spawning

Summary In modern imperative languages there are two commonly occurring ways to activate concurrently running tasks,splitting (cobegin...coend) andspawning. The programming language Ada makes use of both forms of task activation. We present a formal system for verifying partial correctness specifications of Ada tasks activated by spawning. The system is based upon a view of tasks as histories of events. We show how the mindset of splitting may be applicable when developing a formal system for reasoning about spawning. The resultant proof system is compositional, and a robust extension of partial correctness proof systems for sequential constructs. A transition model is given for spawning, and the proof system is proven complete in the sense of Cook [10] relative to this model, under certain reasonable assumptions. The specific proof rules given apply to a subset of Ada without real-time and distributed termination. Our approach to task verification applies to other imperative languages besides Ada, and the essential parts of our methodology are applicable to other formal systems besides those based on partial correctness reasoning. Sigurd Meldal is professor of informatics at the University of Bergen. He is interested in techniques and tools based on formal methods for development of concurrent software. His current foci are the investigation of algebraic approaches to nondeterminism, and the participation in the design of a concurrent specification, prototyping and implementation language. The latter supplements formal proof with support for run time control of consistency between concurrent systems as specified and as implemented. Meldal received his cand. real. (1982) and dr. scient. (1986) degrees in informatics from the University of Oslo.This research was supported by a grant from the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities, by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Information Systems Technology Office under the office of Naval Research contract N00014-90-J1232, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant AFOSR83-0255 and by a Fulbright Scholarship from the US Educational Foundation in Norway     

A review of power electronics interfaces for distributed energy systems towards achieving low-cost modular design

Due to increased attention towards clean and sustainable energy, distributed energy (DE) systems are gaining popularity all over the world. Power electronics are an integral part of these energy systems being able to convert generated electricity into consumer usable and utility compatible forms. But the addition of power electronics adds costs to the DE capital investments along with some reliability issues. Therefore, widespread use of distributed energy requires power electronics topologies that are less expensive and more dependable. Use of modular power electronics is a way to address these issues. Adoption of functional building blocks that can be used for multiple applications results in high volume production and reduced engineering effort, design testing, onsite installation and maintenance work for specific customer applications. In this paper, different power electronics topologies are reviewed that are typically used with distributed energy systems. The integrated power electronics module (IPEM) based back-to-back converter topologies are found to be most suitable interface that can operate with different DE systems with small or no modifications. Also the requirements for a hierarchical control structure with standardized power and communication interfaces are addressed in the paper along with some discussion on future design possibilities for the IPEM-based power electronics topologies. It is expected that modular and flexible power electronics and standardized controls and interfaces, will provide commonality in hardware and software for the power electronics interfaces, thus will enable their volume production and decrease their cost share in distributed energy applications.     

模块化多功能护理床抬背机构设计与分析

针对康养行业的需求,基于模块化设计方法,对多功能护理床进行了模块划分和功能分析,完成了多功能护理床的整体方案设计。基于人机工程学原理,对抬背机构进行研究,通过分析对比现有抬背机构的优劣,设计了一种两折抬背机构;建立了相应的运动数学模型,借助Matlab对其进行理论运动分析,并与Adams运动学仿真结果进行对比,验证了机构设计的合理性。借助Ansys对抬背机构的关键部件进行有限元分析,确保了机构的安全性,并制作实验样机进行了验证。     

大规模定制模式下的产品外协资源配置研究

在企业实施大规模定制过程中,模块化被认为是一个特别重要的影响因素,它与企业产品结构体系、产品开发过程和供应商等资源的组织模式具有密切关系。分析了互换／共享、混合、总线以及组合等模块化模式的特点及其对外协活动的影响,然后从定制化程度角度给出了上述几种模块化模式的演变图谱。分析了大规模定制与产品、模块品种、批量和客户订单分离点的关系,并根据产品批量／品种比例关系和不同的客户订单分离点定义了深度和浅度两种产品定制化模式。然后结合汽车、液压机、机床和家电等产品,分别讨论了两类大规模定制情况下应采用的模块化方式以及供应商选择和合作模式。最后分析了模块层次规模与供应商资源规划及外协规划决策之间的关系,并给出了面向资源规划的企业大规模定制实施的过程。     

Management Levers for Product Platforms

Platforming has become an important means of cost-sharing among industrial products. However, many firms face systemic downward pressure on commonality, with the result that many platforms realize less commonality than intended. Past research has hypothesized that divergence is the result of conflicting tensions between product customization/optimization and cost control. This article investigates the control and incentive levers available to platform managers to shape the behavior of the organization when divergence opportunities arise. Management levers are drawn from a series of 12 industrial case studies, stemming from investigations of the causes of divergences. These management levers are categorized as technical levers, financial levers, and organizational levers. This article illustrates each of the management levers with examples from the case studies.     

Adaptability of competitive electricity reforms a modular analysis

Among the competitive electricity reforms that have been implemented in Europe and the US for the last 18 years, none has “survived” over several years without major changes. Their changing nature raises the question of their adaptability. Two characteristics of reforms play a key role on their adaptation properties. Firstly, they are “modular” objects in the sense of [Baldwin, C., 2008. Where do transactions come from? Modularity, transactions, and the boundaries of firms. Industrial and Corporate Change 17 (1), 155–195]. Secondly, they are produced in an institutional process which leads to “incomplete” rules and designs [Pistor, K., Xu, C., 2003. Incomplete law. International Law and Politics 35, 931–1013]. We propose a typology of adaptations based on the framework proposed by [Williamson, O.E., 1991. Comparative economic organization: the analysis of discrete structural alternatives. Administrative Science Quarterly 36 (2), 269–296] for contracts: (1) in case of small disturbances, adaptations are realized quasi-automatically, by autonomous decisions of the institutions governing the implementation of reforms; (2) in case of middle-range disturbances, adaption is made by Coasian bargaining; (3) finally, in case of strong disturbances, or when bargaining is not feasible, the adaptation of reforms is in the hands of legislative and executive institutions [North, D.C., 2005. Le processus du développement économique. Editions d’Organisation]. These institutions can reform the reforms [Joskow, P.L., 2006. Introduction to electricity sector liberalization: lessons learned from cross-country studies. In: Sioshansi, F.P. (Ed.), Electricity Market Reform: An International Perspective. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1–32; Hogan, W.W., 2002. Electricity market restructuring: reforms of reforms. Journal of Regulatory Economics 21, 103–132]. The role of these types of adaptations in each electricity reform is a consequence of the allocation of rights to the regulator, to stakeholders and to legislative and executive institutions.