论蒙古族传统马具设计的系统性

文章以作者亲身参与的编著项目及田野考察为契机,将蒙古族传统马具设计作为研究对象,以蒙古族传统马具设计的系统性为论点,探讨其系统构成、单元功能及三个子系统的分工与关联。     

基于视频三音子的双模态语料自动选取算法

为实现可视语音合成,建立符合条件的双模态语料库,提出双模态语料自动选取算法。根据视频中唇部发音特征,对已有的三音子模型归类,形成视频三音子,在其基础上从原始语料中自动选取语料,利用评估函数对原始语料中的句子打分。与其他双模态语料库相比,该语料库在覆盖率等指标上有较大改进,为实现具有真实感的可视语音合成奠定基础。     

Response of seasonal vegetation development to climatic variations in eastern central Asia

Meteorological records show that central Asia has experienced one of the strongest warming signals in the world over the last 30 years. The objective of this study was to examine the seasonal vegetation response to the recent climatic variation on the Mongolian steppes, the third largest grassland in the world. The onset date of green-up for central Asia was estimated using time-series analysis of advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) biweekly composite data collected between January 1982 and December 1991. Monthly precipitation and mean temperature data (1982-1990) were acquired from 19 meteorological stations throughout the grasslands of the eastern Mongolian steppes in China. Our results showed that while the taiga forest north of the Mongolian steppes (>50°N) experienced an earlier onset of green-up during the study period, a later onset was observed at the eastern and northern edges of the Gobi Desert (40°N-50°N). Responses of different vegetation types to climatic variability appeared to vary with vegetation characteristics and spring soil moisture availability of specific sites. Plant stress caused by drought was the most significant contributor to later vegetation green-up as observed from satellite imagery over the desert steppe. Areas with greater seasonal soil moisture greened up earlier in the growing season. Our results suggested that water budget limitations determine the pattern of vegetation responses to atmospheric warming.     

基于双语平行语料库的翻译教学研究

双语平行语料库在20世纪90年代受到重视并广泛建立,对语言对比研究以及包括自动翻译在内的翻译教学和双语词典的编撰具有重要意义。双语平行语料库在翻译教学中的应用主要体现在词汇、句子和语篇三个层次上。     

用于中文缺省识别研究的机器学习方法

实现一个基于机器学习的中文缺省项识别系统,对语料库进行预处理,选取多个特征及其组合,通过支持向量模型(SVM)构建的缺省识别模型进行中文缺省识别。研究系统在不同句法分析树上的性能。实验结果证明,该识别系统在标准的句法分析树上F值能达到84.01%,在自动句法树上能达到68.22%。     

基于电话语料的维吾尔连续音素识别

结合维吾尔语的语音特征和语义信息,在大量电话语音语料库的基础上,以建立维吾尔语连续音素识别平台为目标,通过构建隐马尔科夫模型工具HTK(Hidden Markov Model Toolkit)工具实现了维吾尔语连续音素识别算法:首先根据具体技术指标完成了较大规模电话语音语料库的录制和标注工作;确定音素为基元,通过训练获得了每个音素的HMM(Hidden Markov Model)声学模型,随后对输入的语音进行识别,声学模型在不同的高斯混合数目下,得出了识别结果;统计了32个音素的识别率并对它进行分析,为了进一步提高识别率奠定了基础。     

大鼠胼胝体中突触结构的电镜观察

关于胼胝体中突触的在存在及其结构特点未见报道。选用２生后一周未睁眼Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４０只，随机分为摘除右侧眼球、左侧眼球、双侧眼球及正常对照四组，各组１０只。经灌流、固定、分别在胼胝体膝部、干部及压部取材后，电镜下观察了胼胝体中突触的结构。结果如下：１．胼胝 大多为化学性突触。２．各组及同组胼胝体各部中突触的美元数不同。３．胼胝体中突触数受视觉的影响。最后就胼胝体中突触的机能意义进行了讨论。     

Toward Robust Speech Recognition and Understanding

The principal cause of speech recognition errors is a mismatch between trained acoustic/language models and input speech due to the limited amount of training data in comparison with the vast variation of speech. It is crucial to establish methods that are robust against voice variation due to individuality, the physical and psychological condition of the speaker, telephone sets, microphones, network characteristics, additive background noise, speaking styles, and other aspects. This paper overviews robust architecture and modeling techniques for speech recognition and understanding. The topics include acoustic and language modeling for spontaneous speech recognition, unsupervised adaptation of acoustic and language models, robust architecture for spoken dialogue systems, multi-modal speech recognition, and speech summarization. This paper also discusses the most important research problems to be solved in order to achieve ultimate robust speech recognition and understanding systems. Dr. Sadaoki Furui is currently a Professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Computer Science. He is engaged in a wide range of research on speech analysis, speech recognition, speaker recognition, speech synthesis, and multimodal human-computer interaction and has authored or coauthored over 450 published articles. From 1978 to 1979, he served on the staff of the Acoustics Research Department of Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, as a visiting researcher working on speaker verification. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, the Acoustical Society of America and the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers of Japan (IEICE). He was President of the Acoustical Society of Japan (ASJ) from 2001 to 2003 and the Permanent Council for International Conferences on Spoken Language Processing (PC-ICSLP) from 2000 to 2004. He is currently President of the International Speech Communication Association (ISCA). He was a Board of Governor of the IEEE Signal Processing Society from 2001 to 2003. He has served on the IEEE Technical Committees on Speech and MMSP and on numerous IEEE conference organizing committees. He has served as Editor-in-Chief of both Journal of Speech Communication and the Transaction of the IEICE. He is an Editorial Board member of Speech Communication, the Journal of Computer Speech and Language, and the Journal of Digital Signal Processing. He has received the Yonezawa Prize and the Paper Awards from the IEICE (1975, 88, 93, 2003), and the Sato Paper Award from the ASJ (1985, 87). He has received the Senior Award from the IEEE ASSP Society (1989) and the Achievement Award from the Minister of Science and Technology, Japan (1989). He has received the Technical Achievement Award and the Book Award from the IEICE (2003, 1990). He has also received the Mira Paul Memorial Award from the AFECT, India (2001). In 1993 he served as an IEEE SPS Distinguished Lecturer. He is the author of “Digital Speech Processing, Synthesis, and Recognition” (Marcel Dekker, 1989, revised, 2000) in English, “Digital Speech Processing” (Tokai University Press, 1985) in Japanese, “Acoustics and Speech Processing” (Kindai-Kagaku-Sha, 1992) in Japanese, and “Speech Information Processing” (Morikita, 1998) in Japanese. He edited “Advances in Speech Signal Processing” (Marcel Dekker, 1992) jointly with Dr. M.M. Sondhi. He has translated into Japanese “Fundamentals of Speech Recognition,” authored by Drs. L.R. Rabiner and B.-H. Juang (NTT Advanced Technology, 1995) and “Vector Quantization and Signal Compression,” authored by Drs. A. Gersho and R. M. Gray (Corona-sha, 1998).     

一种多语言机制英语在线翻译辅助系统

文中通过对以词组为本的统计式机器翻译系统(Statistical machine translation system,SMT)进行词对应方法的优化和筛选来建立多语言机制的英语在线翻译辅助系统.通过M1模型来计算平行语料库中语言字与字之间可能的配对几率,以EM演算法求取未知资料状况下的参数最大值.通过设置条件值参数作为...     

基于Winnow的中文邮件分类器的设计

本文首先通过建立实验用中文邮件语料库，提出了用Winnow算法实现邮件分类器，并讨论了其特点,然后，文章提出了通过建立分类规则库改善邮件分类器的分类效果．实验证明，该方法能有效提高邮件分类的可信度．