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1.
《Ergonomics》2012,55(12):2576-2587
A postal questionnaire survey was carried out in Dutch agriculture to identify high risk branches with respect to musculoskeletal symptoms and workload. The study population comprised a sample 2580 male employees and employers, with a response rate of 49%. A total of 75% of the employees and 71 % of the employers reported musculoskeletal symptoms during the past 12 months. Low-back pain was most prevalent (one-year prevalence rate of 51% among employees, 47% among employers), followed by symptoms of the neck-shoulder (one-year prevalence rate of 35% among employees, 30% among employers) and knees (one-year prevalence rate of 22% among employees, 17% among employers). There were marked differences between specific branches in the size and nature of musculoskeletal morbidity as well as in self-reported musculoskeletal workload. In particular protective vegetables growing and arboriculture showed both relatively high rates of symptoms and relatively high exposure levels. The results of this study were used to decide which agricultural branches and workload factors should have priority in the ergonomic interventions that followed. 相似文献
2.
Jaya Sowjanya Siddireddy Ajay Kumar Vijay Jacqueline Tan Mark Willcox 《Contact lens & anterior eye》2018,41(2):144-153
Purpose
To investigate characteristics of the eyelid margins, meibomian glands and the tear film of contact lens wearers, and to determine whether these characteristics were related to symptoms of contact lens discomfort.Methods
A cross sectional study was performed on thirty existing daily wear soft contact lens wearers (6 male; 24 female) with median age of 23 years (range 18–41). Eyelid signs and tear film characteristics were evaluated during a single visit and subjects completed the contact lens and dry eye questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) to evaluate ocular discomfort.Results
Based on the CLDEQ-8 responses, subjects were classified as symptomatic (n?=?17) or asymptomatic (n?=?13). Grades of foam at meibomian gland orifices (3?±?1), expressibility (2?±?1) and quality of secretions (2?±?1), tear evaporation rate with (112?±?54?g/m2/h) or without (88?±?45?g/m2/h) contact lens wear, fluorescein tear breakup time (8?±?2 seconds) and tear lipid layer thickness (45?±?17?nm) were significantly associated with symptoms of discomfort in symptomatic lens wearers only (r2?>?0.45; p value?<?0.05). Upper lid-wiper epitheliopathy, meibomian gland acini reflectivity and tear meniscus height showed significant correlations with comfort scores in both symptomatic and asymptomatic contact lens wearers (p?<?0.05). A greater number of Demodex mites was also observed in the upper eyelid of symptomatic lens wearers (2?±?1) compared to asymptomatic lens wearers (0?±?0; p value?=?0.042).Conclusions
Morphological irregularities of the meibomian glands and alterations to tear film secretions that affect tear evaporative dynamics were associated with symptoms of discomfort amongst the symptomatic lens wearers. 相似文献3.
The aim of the present paper is to analyze the results of the urban heat island research for a coastal densely built small Mediterranean town namely Hania, Crete, Greece. The specific research targets to verify the existence, the intensity, the size and the form of the urban heat island phenomenon in the specific region as well as to understand its correlation with the local weather conditions. Nine urban and three rural meteorological stations are used for this study. Temperature and relative humidity measurements are collected from May 26, 2007 until October 24, 2007. In parallel, meteorological data including wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, sunlight and precipitation for the specific region are collected and elaborated for cross-correlation with the appearance of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. During summer period, where the temperature is high, the UHI takes its maximum intensity, of about 8 °C. Also, the form of the UHI is strongly influenced from the wind speed and direction. The northern winds expand the UHI front, while the western winds contribute to the UHI reduction. Finally the Discomfort Index (DI) is calculated for the 2007 summer period to indicate the outdoor living conditions. 相似文献
4.
Ergonomic interventions may potentially reduce MSDs, but the context of industries (barriers, ever-changing situations, dialogue processes) might play a significant role in the success of interventions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions including engineering/technical and organizational interventions, and the involvement of the stakeholders in reducing musculoskeletal risk factors/symptoms. A pre-post-test experimental study in non-randomized groups was performed over three years in a sector of a truck assembly plant. The mean age of the operators in the sector for the initial and second assessment time was 42.0 (±7.6) years and 39.0 (±8.7), respectively. The mean length of work experience in the current job was 15.2 (±7.2) years and 13.9 (±7.3) for the initial and second assessment times, respectively. Five engineering ergonomic solutions and organizational interventions were implemented after a comprehensive ergonomic analysis. The organizational interventions consisted mostly of transferring and redistributing the tasks, i.e., ergonomically balancing and redesigning of the workstations. Before performing the interventions, the findings of the ergonomic study were presented at several meetings to encourage the involvement of the stakeholders (including managers, engineers, and operators) in the interventions. This study showed that a combination of ergonomic measures—engineering and organizational interventions—could reduce physical workloads. Musculoskeletal symptoms decreased after interventions although the difference was not significant. 相似文献
5.
Brick industry, in Pakistan, is prominent and provides job to 3.1 million people only in one province. The industry hires different percentage of workers for different stages of brick formation and these stages trigger musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in workers. This study identifies relation between 5 work stages and MSDs in 9 body parts and also finds socioeconomic sufferings inflicted by the industry and removal of research gap at national level. We conducted both qualitative and quantitative research. 105 men and 45 women from 15 brick kilns were selected as subject. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) sheets, Standard Nordic MSDs Questionnaire along with general questionnaire, still photography and video recording were used to carry out the study. About 96% workers involved in mixing & molding complained tiredness at end of day. Similarly, 90% male and 83% female staff performing spreading task suffered tiredness after their duty hours. Workers engaged in different tasks reported varying levels of pain in observed body parts. Digging and carrying jobs caused significant pain in body parts including neck, upper back, shoulders, lower back and hips. Mixing and molding emerged most dangerous activities for most of the body parts and exhibited 7 score on RULA. Furthermore, mixing and molding demonstrated high to very high risk level by showing 9 and 13 higher score on REBA, respectively. The current study divulged that all observed work tasks during manufacturing and transportation of bricks are equally dangerous for pain generation in lower back. Many socioeconomic issues like residency of workers in muddy house (83%) low monthly income (<90.3 $) of 83% workers, higher tendency of alcoholism and smoking in men, lack of health facilities and higher illiteracy rate were also identified. The enhanced musculoskeletal disorders during brick making process render the brick industry unhealthy for work. This dismal picture requires an improvement in quality of life and occupational environment of workers of the industry. Well organized duty timings, modified working posture, job rotation and preliminary training perhaps manage these miseries and the output of the brick industry may increase many fold. 相似文献
6.
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common occupational disorders in the manufacturing industry, and cause pain, suffering, disability and a decrease in productivity. The objective of this study was the development of statistical models for the prediction of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort. A sample of 174 workers of the meat processing industry was taken. Diverse ergonomic evaluation methods were applied on data collected by means of direct observation and surveys. Later, pattern recognition techniques were used to identify the relevant predictor variables from an initial set of 20 variables. A prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort of 77% was found. The most suitable classification models to predict the discomfort were the models based on logistic regression and decision trees. Statistical models were obtained to predict discomfort in shoulders, back, hands/wrists and neck with a precision between 83.3% and 90.2%. The findings can be useful to guide improvement initiatives according to the specific characteristics of the job and the profile of the worker. 相似文献
7.
Job rotation is defined as workers rotating between tasks with different exposure levels and occupational demands. The aim of the present study was to analyze the risk factors for the development of upper-limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UL-WMSDs) in poultry slaughterhouse workers as well as compare the score of the OCRA Checklist in different organizational working conditions. In this cross-sectional study, 118 workers were involved, 68 women (32.3 ± 10.7 years) and 50 men (29.5 ± 10.5 years). Three organizational configurations (“without job rotation”, “with job rotation – tasks >1h” and “with job rotation - tasks <1h”) were evaluated using the OCRA Checklist method, totaling 36 tasks and 28 job rotation schemes composed of 2–3 tasks. The OCRA score of the right upper limbs (17.8 ± 3.2) was significantly higher (p = 0.046) relative to the left upper limbs (16.4 ± 3.6). The median score was significantly lower in the “with job rotation - tasks <1h” condition (18.6) when compared to the “job rotation – tasks >1h” (19.4) (p < 0.001) and the “without job rotation” (19.0) (p = 0.038) conditions. However, there was no significant difference between the condition “with job rotation - tasks >1h” and “without job rotation” (p = 0.155). Thus, job rotations with intervals <1h reduced the risk of developing UL-WMSDs. Job rotations with <1 h intervals in poultry slaughterhouses are recommended along with further studies to verify the effectiveness of rotations with more than two tasks, involving mild or non-repetitive tasks. 相似文献
8.
The objectives of this study were to measure the maximum holding times (MHTs) for symmetric and asymmetric body postures and to compare three representative observational methods, i.e., Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), based on the MHTs. An experiment was performed to obtain the MHTs, wherein the independent variables were the hand position, trunk rotation angle, and external load. The hand position was defined using the hand height as the percentage of the shoulder height and the hand distance as the percentage of the arm reach. While the four independent variables including the hand height, hand distance, trunk rotation angle, and external load significantly affected the MHTs and RULA grand score at α = 0.01, only three of them (except the external load) were significant on the OWAS action category and REBA score. RULA assessed the postures tested in the experiment more stressfully than the OWAS and REBA, and the RULA grand score was more sensitive to the MHTs. In addition, the RULA grand score had larger correlation coefficients with the MHTs and other criteria for postural loads, such as whole-body discomfort, compressive force at L5/S1, and percent capables at the shoulder and trunk, than the OWAS action category and REBA score. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that of the three observational methods, RULA may be better for assessing postural loads under the experimental conditions.Relevance to industryWork-related musculoskeletal disorders are a major worldwide problem in industries. For preventing their development owing to multiple risk factors, it is important to quantify exposure to such risk factors. 相似文献
9.
ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to examine the application of MSD prevention practices among nursing staff and to identify organizational factors that may or may not support their application.MethodsWe measured the application of prevention practices and its determinants by means of a questionnaire filled out by 399 nurses and nursing staff in Canada. A qualitative component was conducted with two focus groups in order to validate and enrich the interpretation of the survey results.ResultsResults show that most respondents “often” (4) apply MSD prevention practices in their daily professional tasks. Significant differences were observed based on position, mission of the institution, degree, and training.ConclusionsThe characteristics of the nursing staff (position, training, etc.) and the specificities of the setting must be taken into consideration in MSD prevention interventions for nursing staff. 相似文献
10.
IntroductionWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are the major causes of lost workdays, increased costs, and occupational diseases in all countries. The prevalence of WMSDs among the workers in small and medium-sized enterprises in Iran was reported as 73%. This paper aimed to describe the design of an interventional study to investigate the effects of ergonomic interventions on work-related musculoskeletal disorders, quality of work-life, and productivity among office workers of knowledge-based companies and introduce the results obtained from the baseline survey.Methods/designIt was a quasi-randomized control trial study on 313 participants with four parallel groups including ergonomic training intervention; management training and work changes intervention; ergonomic training, management training and work changes intervention; and non-interventional control group. The primary outcome was WMSDs, and the secondary outcomes were occupational stress factors, quality of work-life, and productivity. All primary and secondary outcomes were measured before the interventions, one, three, and six months after the interventions.ResultsAt this phase of study only baseline results were reported. 328 participants, with a mean age of 31.97 years (SD = 5.39), completed the baseline survey and entered the study. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was found in neck (52.13%), right shoulder (41.16%) and right forearm (37.2%), respectively.ConclusionErgonomic interventions were conducted based on baseline data of the participants at individual and management levels. The focus of training program interventions was to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in upper limbs; in management training and work changes program, the focus was to increase social support.Trial registrationIRCT registration number: IRCT20181204041840N1 (date of registration: 2019-02-05). 相似文献