催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐的研究进展

详细介绍了氮氧自由基催化氧化法和贵金属催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐。氮氧自由基催化时,反应温度20～60℃,反应时间3～6 h,得到酸型产品。贵金属催化剂中,钯的催化活性比铂高。贵金属催化时,加入铅、铋等助催化剂,并以活性炭为载体,碱性条件下于50～90℃反应2～6 h,得到盐型产品。在适当的条件下,这两种方法均可使醇醚转化率达95％,选择性达90％以上。     

The biodegradability of two primary alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants under practical conditions,and the toxicity of the biodegradation products to rainbow trout

A field trial has been performed to measure the biodegradability of two typical alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants, “Dobanol” 45-7 and “Dobanol” 45-11, by dosing them to biological filters in a mixture with domestic sewage. Influent levels were 10 and 25 mg l^?1 of each surfactant and 96–98% degradation was achieved within a temperature range of 5–10°C. The surfactants had no adverse effects on the filters in terms of the usual sanitary parameters (BOD, COD, TOC and ammoniacal nitrogen). Tests on the effluents indicated no residual acute lethal toxicity to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri).     

环氧乙烷及其精深加工产业现状与发展

综述了过去3年来国内外环氧乙烷生产及其精深加工产业现状和发展趋势,并初步探讨了我国今后环氧乙烷及其精深加工产业的发展趋势。     

Determination of ethylene oxide content inn-Alcohol ethoxylates by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Proton Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data were collected onn-alcohol ethoxylates and used to calculate the percent ethylene oxide (EO) content of then-alcohol ethoxylate without an internal or external standard. The accuracy and precision of the method were determined from ten repetitive analyses of hexaethylene glycol monon-dodecyl ether. The standard deviation was 0.23 wt% EO with a relative standard deviation of 0.40%. The method had a relative error of +0.55% and an absolute error of +0.32% EO. This paper was presented at the 20th ISF World Congress/83rd AOCS Annual Meeting and Exposition in Toronto, Canada, May 10–14, 1992.     

Effect of Narrow Oxirane Adduct Distribution on the Adsorption of Disodium Alcohol Ethoxylates Sulfosuccinate at Air–Aqueous Solution Interface

Adsorption behaviors at the air–water interface were presented for disodium alcohol ethoxylate sulfosuccinates (AESS) with narrow and broad oxirane adduct distribution. The CMC and equilibrium surface tension γ_eq of broad‐range distributed (BRD) and narrow‐range distributed (NRD) AESS₂ (with average degrees of ethoxylation of 2) were measured by the Wilhelmy plate method, while the adsorption and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The effect of temperature and inorganic electrolyte on adsorption behaviors of these two surfactants was also investigated. The results show that NRD AESS₂ displays a lower CMC and higher γ_eq compared with BRD AESS₂. At the same time, the maximum surface excess concentration Γ_max of NRD AESS₂ was lower than that of BRD AESS₂ because of its larger steric hindrance, leading to the different adsorption and thermodynamic parameters. The adsorption of NRD AESS₂ and BRD AESS₂ was weakened with increasing temperature and enhanced in the presence of inorganic electrolyte.     

蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物的合成及物化性能

先用酯交换甲酯化法制备了蓖麻油酸甲酯,再与环氧乙烷(EO)反应合成了不同平均EO数的蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物(CA-MEE),分析了EO数分布,测定了物化性能。结果表明,EO对酯基的选择性高于对仲羟基的选择性;CA-MEE的浊点为37．7～66．2℃,γcmc为36．52～37．38 mN／m,cmc为(1．73～3．94)×10-5 mol／L,润湿力为183~457 s,对大豆油的乳化能力为17．2～25．9 min,而对石蜡的乳化能力稳定在7．8～9．8 min。与其他表面活性剂对比可知,平均EO数为10的CA-MEE的γcmc大于OMS-10,而cmc则低于OMS- 10;CA-MEE的润湿力比COMEE-8和OMS的弱,但乳化力却优于COMEE-8和OMS。     

椰子油乙氧基化物与阴离子表面活性剂协同效应研究

摘要：对椰子油乙氧基化物-30EO（COE-30）与直链烷基苯磺酸（LAS）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES-2）及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠（AEC-5）复配的二元体系进行研究,运用非理想溶液理论计算混合胶束和混合吸附层的组成及二者在混合胶束和混合吸附层中协同作用参数。结果表明,复配体系在混合胶束和混合吸附层显示出较强的协同作用,混合胶束中作用参数|βm|= 2~6,混合吸附层中作用参数|βσ|= 2~6。三个复配体系在形成胶束能力和降低表面张力效率方面存在协同增效作用,同时COE-30/AES-2和COE-30/AEC-5体系在降低表面张力能力方面也存在协同增效作用。     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠微乳液拟三元相图及微观结构研究

以表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(NPES)为对象,考察了助表面活性剂与复配表面活性剂对NPES形成微乳液体系的影响.通过比较微乳液区域(ME)在拟三元相图中所占比例,发现最优配比为m(NPES):m(DBSA)=1:1,m(复配表面活性剂):m(正丙醇)=1:3,此时形成微乳液区域面积最大,占57%;用电导率法与动态光散射(DLS)分析微乳液结构,结果表明,当w(H2O)＞60%时,形成微乳液为O/W型,粒径为34 nm;该体系对温度不敏感.     

Multivariate analysis of anionic, cationic and nonionic textile surfactant degradation with the H(2)O(2)/UV-C process by using the capabilities of response surface methodology

Anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants being frequently employed in the textile preparation process were subjected to H(2)O(2)/UV-C treatment. As a consequence of the considerable number of parameters affecting the H(2)O(2)/UV-C process, an experimental design methodology was used to mathematically describe and optimize the single and combined influences of the critical process variables treatment time, initial H(2)O(2)concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD) on parent pollutant (surfactant) as well as organic carbon (COD and total organic carbon (TOC)) removal efficiencies. Multivariate analysis was based on two different photochemical treatment targets; (i) full oxidation/complete treatment of the surfactants or, alternatively, (ii) partial oxidation/pretreatment of the surfactants to comply with the legislative discharge requirements. According to the established polynomial regression models, the process independent variables "treatment time" (exerting a positive effect) and "initial COD content" (exerting a negative effect) played more significant roles in surfactant photodegradation than the process variable "initial H(2)O(2) concentration" under the studied experimental conditions.     

The effect ofn-decanol on solubilization of water-in-oil microemulsions and stability of lamellar liquid crystals of alkylphenol ethoxylates

Addition of n-decanol at appropriate concentrations is beneficial to increasing the solubilization amount of water in a water-in-oil microemulsion in the system of nonylphenol ethoxylate/olive oil/water, but it destabilized the lamellar liquid crystal and reduced the solubilization of olive oil in the lamellar liquid crystal.