基于OS-ELM的游梁式抽油机系统电动机负载扭矩的在线混合建模

由于难以掌握电动机工作效率与复杂动态负载的准确关系,游梁式抽油机系统普遍存在“大马拉小车”的现象。针对这个问题,研究负载动态变化下电动机负载扭矩的建模新方法,将“驴头”悬点载荷看作系统的负载,提出了基于OS-ELM的在线混合模型。首先根据采油工作原理,建立系统各机构的机理模型;然后针对模型中的主要不确定参数--井下摩擦力,建立基于OS-ELM的在线软测量模型,首先由历史生产数据离线训练得到初始结构,其次采用滑动窗口方法指导模型的在线更新。通过研究,井下摩擦力不再是依赖主观经验给定的定值,而是跟随系统变化的动态值,这更加符合实际生产工况。由一口生产井进行实例验证,仿真结果表明本文所提出方法是合理有效的。     

Spark-based Parallel OS-ELM Algorithm Application for Short-term Load Forecasting for Massive User Data

Abstract

The data type and quantity of user load data show an exponential growth, so that the traditional load forecasting methods can hardly meet the load forecasting requirements of massive users. Aiming at this problem, a parallel OS-ELM short-term load forecasting model based on Spark is proposed in this article. By analyzing the characteristics of the Spark framework and the MapReduce framework, the Spark big data processing framework is determined as the basic framework for processing massive user load data, and a parallel K-means load clustering model based on Spark is designed. The on-line sequential learning machine OS-ELM makes the hidden layer data of computing each incremental training dataset mutually independent, therefore, a Spark-based parallel OS-ELM (SBPOS-ELM) algorithm is put forward. The proposed model is applied under the smart electricity big data environment and the training samples are selected using the incremental training dataset to make a short-term prediction of the millions of users’ smart meter electricity load, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model. At last, comparing with other commonly used short-term load forecasting algorithms, the experimental results show that SBPOS-ELM algorithm has higher accuracy and operation efficiency.     

基于概念漂移检测的网络数据流分类

互联网环境日新月异,使得网络数据流中存在概念漂移,对数据流的分类也由传统的静态分类变为动态分类,而如何对概念漂移进行检测是动态分类的关键。本文提出一种基于概念漂移检测的网络数据流自适应分类算法,通过比较滑动窗口中数据与历史数据的分布差异来检测概念漂移,然后将窗口中数据过采样来减少样本间的不均衡性,最后将处理后的数据集输入到OS-ELM分类器中进行在线学习,从而更新分类器使其应对数据流中的概念漂移。本文在MOA实验平台中使用合成数据集和真实数据集对提出的算法进行验证,结果表明,该算法较集成学习算法在分类准确率和稳定性上有一定的提升,并且随着数据流量的增加,时间性能上的优势开始体现,适合复杂多变的网络环境。     

改进在线贯序极限学习机在模式识别中的应用

针对传统在线贯序极限学习机存在的过学习和分类器输出不稳定等问题,将结构风险最小化理论引入到极限学习机中,用小波函数替代原有的隐层激励函数构建正则小波极限学习机,并与在线学习方法结合,提出在线正则小波极限学习机。仿真实验结果表明,在线正则小波极限学习机克服过学习和局部最优等问题,能够实现快速在线学习,具有良好的泛化性和鲁棒性。     

基于粒子群优化在线顺序极限学习机动态环境室内定位算法

动态环境室内定位容易受到人员随机行动、障碍物等环境的干扰,信号强度的时变性、数据采集的不稳定性对定位算法产生很大的影响。针对该问题,本文提出了一种基于粒子群优化在线顺序极限学习机算法（Particle swarm optimization online sequential extreme learning machine,PSO-OS-ELM）。该算法继承了在线顺序极限学习机（Online sequential extreme learning machine,OS-ELM）算法的数据采集成本低、适应环境变化快、收敛速度较快且定位精度较高等特性,同时又利用粒子群优化（Particle swarm optimization,PSO）解决OS-ELM算法中奇异值问题和鲁棒性问题。在3种不同环境下采集数据,将PSO-OS-ELM算法、OS-ELM算法和WKNN算法进行实验对比。实验结果表明：在动态变化的室内环境中,PSO-OS-ELM算法定位误差较小且鲁棒性增强,优于其他算法;平均定位误差相较于其他算法减少了约15%;算法耗时性相较于传统定位算法加权K近邻算法（Weighted K-nearest neighbor,WKNN）算法减少了约55%。     

基于OS-ELM的光伏发电中长期功率预测

为了进一步提高光伏出力预测的精度,提出了一种基于在线序列极限学习机的光伏发电中长期功率预测方法. 结合在线序列极限学习机学习速度快、泛化能力强的特点,通过对大量气象数据和历史发电数据综合处理,对光伏发电系统的输出功率进行预测. 同时,由于实时数据的不断输入,该方法能够对预测模型进行在线更新. 算例仿真研究表明,该预测方法与反向传播神经网络、支持向量机方法相比,能够有效提高预测精度,满足在线应用的需求,具有较好的应用前景.     

Adaptive control of nonlinear system using online error minimum neural networks

In this paper, a new learning algorithm named OEM-ELM (Online Error Minimized-ELM) is proposed based on ELM (Extreme Learning Machine) neural network algorithm and the spreading of its main structure. The core idea of this OEM-ELM algorithm is: online learning, evaluation of network performance, and increasing of the number of hidden nodes. It combines the advantages of OS-ELM and EM-ELM, which can improve the capability of identification and avoid the redundancy of networks. The adaptive control based on the proposed algorithm OEM-ELM is set up which has stronger adaptive capability to the change of environment. The adaptive control of chemical process Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is also given for application. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm with respect to the traditional ELM algorithm can avoid network redundancy and improve the control performance greatly.     

An improved extreme learning machine with self-recurrent hidden layer

Extreme learning machine (ELM) is widely used in complex industrial problems, especially the online-sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) plays a good role in industrial online modeling. However, OS-ELM requires batch samples to be pre-trained to obtain initial weights, which may reduce the timeliness of samples. This paper proposes a novel model for the online process regression prediction, which is called the Recurrent Extreme Learning Machine (Recurrent-ELM). The nodes between the hidden layers are connected in Recurrent-ELM, thus the input of the hidden layer receives both the information from the current input layer and the previously hidden layer. Moreover, the weights and biases of the proposed model are generated by analysis rather than random. Six regression applications are used to verify the designed Recurrent-ELM, compared with extreme learning machine (ELM), fast learning network (FLN), online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM), and an ensemble of online sequential extreme learning machine (EOS-ELM), the experimental results show that the Recurrent-ELM has better generalization and stability in several samples. In addition, to further test the performance of Recurrent-ELM, we employ it in the combustion modeling of a 330 MW coal-fired boiler compared with FLN, SVR and OS-ELM. The results show that Recurrent-ELM has better accuracy and generalization ability, and the theoretical model has some potential application value in practical application.     

基于ELM的航空发动机传感器故障诊断方法研究

为了在嵌入式ARM11平台中更好地实现航空发动机传感器故障监测与诊断,使用极限学习机（ ELM）代替传统的BP网络算法,只需选定隐含层节点数和激活函数,大大减少了BP算法中人为设置大量参数、训练过程慢,并需要不断调整网络参数以及容易陷入局部最优解的缺点。经过仿真验证对比两种算法,验证ELM算法的优越性。并使用C＋＋编程语言将ELM算法转换成航空发动机传感器故障诊断训练学习软件和诊断软件,经最终测试,该算法软件的测试精度良好,满足诊断需求。     

Regularized online sequential learning algorithm for single-hidden layer feedforward neural networks

Online learning algorithms have been preferred in many applications due to their ability to learn by the sequentially arriving data. One of the effective algorithms recently proposed for training single hidden-layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs) is online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM), which can learn data one-by-one or chunk-by-chunk at fixed or varying sizes. It is based on the ideas of extreme learning machine (ELM), in which the input weights and hidden layer biases are randomly chosen and then the output weights are determined by the pseudo-inverse operation. The learning speed of this algorithm is extremely high. However, it is not good to yield generalization models for noisy data and is difficult to initialize parameters in order to avoid singular and ill-posed problems. In this paper, we propose an improvement of OS-ELM based on the bi-objective optimization approach. It tries to minimize the empirical error and obtain small norm of network weight vector. Singular and ill-posed problems can be overcome by using the Tikhonov regularization. This approach is also able to learn data one-by-one or chunk-by-chunk. Experimental results show the better generalization performance of the proposed approach on benchmark datasets.