Mesh-connected parallel computer PAX for scientific applications

Nearest-neighbor-mesh connection plus global broadcasting/control bus characterizes the architecture of the processor array PAX, that was constructed for and is now operating in many typical scientific applications. Not only these inter-processor connections, but also an MIMD structure of the machine were found effective in the particle transport problems, that require asynchronous operation.

The paper describes the bases of architecture of two recent versions of the PAX computer, their hardware and software systems, and, based on the implementation of scientific applications, the effectiveness of the PAX type architecture is presented.     

BDNPF/A含能增塑剂在炸药中的应用

双(2,2–二硝基丙基)缩甲(乙)醛(BDNPF/A)含能增塑剂在一系列PAX钝感炸药、PBX塑性黏结炸药中已得到广泛应用。PAX–2A是基于HMX的钝感混合炸药。PBXN–105炸药主要用于鱼雷和水雷;PBXN–106炸药主要用于美国SM–II型系列舰空导弹和MK–82航弹;PBX 9501高能炸药用于美国的热核弹头W76、W78和W88等。在未来一段时间内,BDNPF/A含能增塑剂仍将在高能炸药中广泛使用。     

Relative Frequencies of PAX6 Mutational Events in a Russian Cohort of Aniridia Patients in Comparison with the World’s Population and the Human Genome

Genome-wide sequencing metadata allows researchers to infer bias in the relative frequencies of mutational events and to predict putative mutagenic models. In addition, much less data could be useful in the evaluation of the mutational frequency spectrum and the prevalent local mutagenic process. Here we analyzed the PAX6 gene locus for mutational spectra obtained in our own and previous studies and compared them with data on other genes as well as the whole human genome. MLPA and Sanger sequencing were used for mutation searching in a cohort of 199 index patients from Russia with aniridia and aniridia-related phenotypes. The relative frequencies of different categories of PAX6 mutations were consistent with those previously reported by other researchers. The ratio between substitutions, small indels, and chromosome deletions in the 11p13 locus was within the interval previously published for 20 disease associated genomic loci, but corresponded to a higher end due to very high frequencies of small indels and chromosome deletions. The ratio between substitutions, small indels, and chromosome deletions for disease associated genes, including the PAX6 gene as well as the share of PAX6 missense mutations, differed considerably from those typical for the whole genome.     

微孔诱导法制备高有序多孔氧化铝模板的研究进展

铝的阳极氧化法是一种应用于模板合成领域的重要技术,制得的阳极氧化铝模板能合成纳米线、纳米管等低维纳米材料.近年来,人们为了进一步增强氧化铝模板的有序性,采用了微孔诱导氧化铝模板制备技术.介绍了此类技术中的印模印刷术、聚焦离子柬法及激光全息技术.制得的超高有序度的模板由于孔间距和孔径可调且基本恒定,在强激光的作用下可提高X射线产额,使其在强激光与物质相互作用领域拥有广阔的应用前景.     

Ovarian Cancer Cells in Ascites Form Aggregates That Display a Hybrid Epithelial-Mesenchymal Phenotype and Allows Survival and Proliferation of Metastasizing Cells

Peritoneal metastases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in ovarian cancer. Cancer cells float in peritoneal fluid, named ascites, together with a definitely higher number of non neo-neoplastic cells, as single cells or multicellular aggregates. The aim of this work is to uncover the features that make these aggregates the metastasizing units. Immunofluorescence revealed that aggregates are made almost exclusively of ovarian cancer cells expressing the specific nuclear PAX8 protein. The same cells expressed epithelial and mesenchymal markers, such as EPCAM and αSMA, respectively. Expression of fibronectin further supported a hybrid epithelia-mesenchymal phenotype, that is maintained when aggregates are cultivated and proliferate. Hematopoietic cells as well as macrophages are negligible in the aggregates, while abundant in the ascitic fluid confirming their prominent role in establishing an eco-system necessary for the survival of ovarian cancer cells. Using ovarian cancer cell lines, we show that cells forming 3D structures neo-expressed thoroughly fibronectin and αSMA. Functional assays showed that αSMA and fibronectin are necessary for the compaction and survival of 3D structures. Altogether these data show that metastasizing units display a hybrid phenotype that allows maintenance of the 3D structures and the plasticity necessary for implant and seeding into peritoneal lining.     

肾细胞癌组织Pax-2表达临床意义的初步研究

目的研究Pax-2在各类型肾细胞癌中的表达的差异,探讨它与肾细胞癌的临床诊断及预后的意义。方法运用免疫组织化学SP法检测Pax-2在73例肾细胞癌和19例癌旁正常肾组织中的表达,结合实验数据及相关研究资料,分析其与肾细胞癌病理特征关系。结果 Pax-2在肾细胞癌中总的阳性表达率为73.97%(54/73),透明细胞癌中的阳性表达率为84.85%(28/33),在乳头状细胞癌中的阳性表达率为70.00%(14/20),在嫌色细胞癌中的阳性表达率为60.00%(12/20),正常肾组织中阳性表达率为10.53%(2/19)。肾细胞癌的总阳性表达率明显高于正常肾脏组织,两者差异具有统计学意义(χ2=25.479,P=0.000)。Pax-2在肾细胞癌中的表达与临床分期(χ2=4.852,P=0.026)、病理分级(χ2=5.532,P=0.019)、淋巴结转移(χ2=3.886,P=0.049)有关;而与患者性别(χ2=1.301,P=0.254)、年龄(χ2=0.723,P=0.394)及病理类型(χ2=4.219,P=0.121)无关。结论 pax-2可能为肾细胞癌的诊疗及预后的评估提供了分子水平方面的参考新指标。