Mathematical modelling of silica deposition in Tongonan-I reinjection wells, Philippines

Mathematical models of silica deposition are derived using the method of characteristics for the problem of variable rate injection into a well producing radially symmetric flow. Solutions are developed using the first order rate equation of silica deposition suggested by Rimstidt and Barnes (1980). The changes in porosity and permeability resulting from deposition are included in the models. The models developed are successfully applied in simulating the changes in injection capacity in some of the reinjection wells in Tongonan geothermal field, Philippines.     

Expansive Workflows: Downstream Coordination in the Design of Sporting Facilities

Heightening user experience is a key aim for global architecture practice Populous, specialists in designing sports and entertainment venues. Jonathan Mallie , lead principal in their New York office, outlines their working process. The digital realm plays an important part: from building information modelling, to immersive technologies that imaginatively engage communities in the creative process. But such large-scale, time-sensitive projects as the Jacksonville Jaguars American football facility in Florida would be impossible without also establishing a team spirit among all those involved.     

Urban water demand,climatic variation,and irrigation-water insecurity: interactive stressors and lessons for water governance from the Angat River basin (Philippines)

Climatic variation and intersectoral water competition increasingly challenge the effective provision of irrigation services. This article explores their combined effects on irrigation allocation from the Angat Reservoir (Philippines), where domestic water use in Metro Manila has overtaken regional irrigation as the dominant right-holder. Rules protecting Metro Manila’s large right to water ‘interact’ with dry spells to affect irrigation security in wet and dry seasons. Historically, irrigators were uncompensated because re-allocation’s cause was contested as (1) an unforeseeable climatic event (releasing domestic utilities of liability), or (2) produced by urban demand (requiring compensation). Trade-off rules must be prepared to navigate combinatory effects.     

Increasing access to water services: a cost-recoverable pricing model

Pricing policies can serve as a low-cost and effective tool for increasing access to water and sanitation services among poor households while allowing the provider to recover costs. An empirical model is applied to contingent-valuation survey data for water services in Cebu, Philippines. Pricing policies that utilizes a low one-time connection fee and differentiates tariffs based on wealth results in a 3 to 9-fold increase in water services access by poor households over the base pricing policy. The results provide evidence that price-discrimination techniques can be important tools toward achieving greater coverage and financial solvency of important services.     

Physicochemical characteristics and leachability of scale and sludge from Bulalo geothermal system, Philippines

Scale and sludge from Bulalo geothermal field, Philippines, have been characterized by whole rock analysis, radioactivity counting, size analysis, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Their leachability was assessed by regulatory leaching procedures and by sequential extraction. Both scale and sludge consisted mostly of oxides of Si, Al, and Fe with no radionuclides detected. The scale had 10% S content. Sulfides and silicates were important phases in both samples having size ranges from submicron to 2 mm. Geothermal soils at Bulalo have higher than normal soil levels of As, S, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Pb but regulatory leaching tests indicated that these elements are not released. However, the sequential extraction showed that As, Cu, and Zn were leachable under extreme conditions.     

Those who were born poor: A qualitative study of Philippine poverty.

This qualitative study investigated the psychological experience of poverty among 2 groups of Filipinos who were interviewed about the effects of being raised poor, 12 who became rich, and 13 who remained poor. Using constructivist and critical theories as research paradigms and grounded theory as methodology, the results of the study illustrated perceived causes, coping mechanisms, and cultural factors. Surprisingly, both groups were very similar in their experiences of not having basic needs met, of negative emotions, and of generally attributing their poverty to familial circumstances. The ways of coping with poverty, such as receiving and giving assistance and imploring God for help, and the cultural features of perseverance (pagpupunyagi) and reliance on others (pakikipagkapwa) were similarly influential in both groups. Because the main difference between both groups is the occurrence of chance events that provided access to education and opportunities to emigrate for those who have become rich, the oppressive structures of a society that perpetuate poverty are discussed. In developing countries such as the Philippines, the psychological experience of poverty is characterized by the impossibility of upward mobility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Bulalo geothermal field, Philippines: Reservoir characteristics and response to production

The Bulalo geothermal field has been operating since 1979, and currently has 330 MWe of installed capacity. The field is associated with a 0.5 Ma dacite dome on the southeastern flank of the Late Pliocene to Quaternary Mt. Makiling stratovolcano. The reservoir occurs within pre-Makiling andesite flows and pyroclastic rocks capped by the volcanic products of Mt. Makiling. Initially, the reservoir was liquid-dominated with a two-phase zone overlying the neutral-pH liquid. Exploitation has resulted in an enlargement of the two-phase zone, return to the reservoir of separated waste liquid that has been injected, scaling in the wellbores and rock formation, and influx of cooler groundwaters. Return of injected waters to the reservoir and scaling have been the major reservoir management concerns. These have been mitigated effectively by relocating injection wells farther away from the production area and by dissolving scale from wells with an acid treatment.     

菲律宾矿业及相关产业投资前景简析

菲律宾是金属矿产资源较为丰富的国家,优势矿种铜储量9 000万t、镍480万t、金5 800t,镍矿产量在2 500万t/a以上,铜精矿28万t/a,金23t/a。镍矿、铜精矿、精炼铜和金是主要出口矿产,矿业出口占出口总额的2.3%。金属矿产勘查投入集中在铜矿、金矿领域,自2010年以来,新增金储量715t,铜1 000万t;非金属勘查集中在油气和煤炭。能源矿产产量不足,能源自给率仅为53%,每年需要大量进口石油和煤炭。矿业相关的电力、钢铁产能不足,限电情况普遍,2016年进口钢铁达790万t。通过分析矿业及相关产业供需,找出该国亟待投资的领域,本文认为中国企业在菲律宾镍矿加工、煤炭利用、能源勘探、电力、钢铁等领域有较好的投资前景。     

浅析战后菲律宾高等教育与经济发展的不协调

高等教育与社会经济发展的最佳状态是相互协调、彼此促进。在菲律宾，价值取向的影响以及高等教育专业设置与社会经济发展脱节等导致了这两者之间发展的不协调，政府与高校虽然做了不少努力，但效果并不显著。其经历启示我们：影响高等教育发展的内外部因素众多，二者之间的协词发展只能得益于多方的共同努力。     

菲律宾西萨马岛AMPI矿区铝土矿床开采技术条件研究

通过对菲律宾西萨马岛AMPI矿区水文地质、工程地质及环境地质特征的实地调查、测量及综合研究,认为该类型矿床为以大气降水充水为主,水文地质条件简单;以松散岩类和可溶岩类为主,工程地质条件复杂性中等;地质环境质量良好,勘查类型属开采技术条件简单的铝土矿矿床。