Multifamily Housing Characteristics and Tenant Satisfaction

This paper examines the long-term impact of structural features and physical amenities on the residential satisfaction of renters in multifamily housing. A cumulative logit analysis of 7,206 rented multifamily units in the 2005 American Housing Survey indicates that features creating separated space (additional room, bathroom, garage/carport, or balcony/patio) were associated with significantly higher satisfaction, even when holding total unit area constant. Conversely, violation of space separation by noise intrusion through walls, floors, or ceilings created dramatically negative effects. Other amenities such as a fireplace, disposal, or dishwasher had no statistically significant impact. Tracking a cohort of 5,170 rented multifamily units from 1997 to 2005 revealed somewhat similar effects on the satisfaction trajectory of residents during this period. More bathrooms, bedrooms, and other rooms, as well as the presence of a balcony/patio were associated with satisfaction improvements. Analyzing cohort units undergoing modifications during the tracking period revealed that the addition of a bathroom or central air conditioning had the clearest impact on satisfaction, followed by the addition of a balcony/patio, other room, dishwasher, or garage/carport.     

石油价格机制改革之对策

文章在阐述我国石油价格形成机制的演变过程的基础上,针对我国目前石油定价机制所导致的诸如石油价格变动滞后以及由此带来的市场信号失灵等问题思考了相应的改革对策,提出了调整政府价格管理职能、建立平等竞争的市场规则、完善稳定油价的调控体系以及加快建立石油战略储备等7个方面的建议。     

移动P2P文件共享系统中基于用户偏好的激励机制

提出一种基于用户偏好的激励机制,鼓励用户通过提供共享文件和转发操作为系统做出贡献。IMBPC结合了虚拟价格机制和预期文件传输延时,基于用户对价格和延时的偏好度来选择最合适的节点进行文件下载。通过设置模拟实同仅通过虚拟价格机制来激励用户做出贡献的策略进行比较,显示应用IMBPC策略的系统,节点的贡献积极性明显增加。     

基于因果干预与不变性的卷积预训练模型优化研究

基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的深度模型在图像识别与分类领域应用广泛,但在全局特征控制、概念层次特征不变性提取和变量之间的因果关系确定方面仍存在不足,使得深度模型缺乏灵活性、适应性及泛化性。基于因果干预和不变性,提出一种基于CNN深度模型的定向修剪和网络结构优化方法。通过对模型输入进行基于不变性的干预调制,根据生成的调制图片序列分析预训练网络卷积子结构的输出分布,筛选和定向修剪噪声敏感子结构。构建基于类间区分度的目标函数,借助经济学领域中的资本资产定价模型构建网络的层间连接,生成在单分类任务下能增大类间区分度的网络拓扑结构,逐层优化构建概念层次的稳定特征。在ImageNet-2012数据集上的实验结果表明,优化后的深度模型相比于ResNet50基线预训练模型的分类准确率约提升了5个百分点,并大幅降低了训练集规模。     

不同物流和回收状态下的供应链决策分析

基于第三方物流服务商在供应链管理中的重要性,构造了以第三方物流服务商为主导企业的供应链模型.运用博弈论思想,对制造商回收和零售商回收的两类闭环供应链模型进行求解比较,提出了制造商实施物流外包和废旧品回收的临界条件.最后通过数值算例,分析了动态时域上服务成本和回收成本与制造商决策的关系.     

利润-CVaR准则下的二级供应链定价与订货策略研究

传统的定价与订货策略研究多是建立在风险中性的假设之上,近来也有利用风险度量CVaR研究风险厌恶对库存的影响.因此,以期望利润和CVaR的加权平均为目标函数,研究零售商的订货策略,并在此基础上研究上游供应商的定价策略.这样的利润-CVaR目标既反映了决策者追求高利润的愿望,又反映了其对潜在风险的控制.     

Pricing and inventory management in a system with multiple competing retailers under (r, Q) policies

We consider a multi-retailer system operated on an infinite horizon, in which each retailer faces stochastic demand following a Poisson process and adopts a continuous-review (r, Q) policy for replenishing inventory to satisfy customer demand. The system involves decisions of pricing and inventory management with the goal of maximizing profit, which equals the sales revenue minus the purchase and inventory costs. Taking Cournot competition into account, models are formulated to optimize simultaneously the expected sales volumes and (r, Q) policies of all retailers. An efficient approach is proposed to calculate the approximate inventory cost. Based on this approach, solution methods for centralized and decentralized scenarios are developed. A great number of numerical computations are provided to evaluate the efficiency of the solution methods, and their performance in the two scenarios. Moreover, system performance under sequential decisions (first pricing and then inventory management) is also investigated.     

Pricing schemes for digital content with DRM mechanisms

In this paper, utilizing game-theoretic model, we examine the impact of collaborative structure, content quality, and network environment on the development of pricing scheme and DRM protection policy of digital content. DRM protection level decreases and pirating activities becomes relatively tolerable as the content provider and platform provider operate collaboratively. Depending on the market structure, higher content quality may strengthen or weaken the adoption of DRM. However, it would seem that, as the network environment becomes more decentralized and uncontrolled, weaker DRM protection should be a better strategy.     

基于Stackelberg领导模式下的云资源定价研究

资源管理是云计算中最重要的一部分。介绍了基于现有云银行模型的云银行生命周期,并提出了合适的定价策略。它根据不同时期云银行的特点得出不同的定价策略。本文的目的是提供一个自动更新机制来定价云资源,从而最大化所有参与者的利益。