利用ADCP回波强度估算河流悬移质含沙量的应用研究

通过简要介绍利用声学多普勒水流剖面仪(ADCP)回波强度估算悬移质含沙量的基本原理,结合梧州水文站的应用实例,利用ADCP的回波强度数据和现场采集的水样含沙量建立相关关系,根据相关关系由回波强度反演估算的水体悬移质含沙量验证了利用ADCP的回波强度估算悬移质含沙量的可行性。应用于梧州水文站的实践表明,左河道推算的系统误差为-0.1%,右河道推算的系统误差为1.5%。这种方法具有不扰动流场、测量剖面同步性较好、数据空间分辨率较高的优点,与传统的取样过滤称量法相比,计算效率显著提高。     

Design of a six-axis high precision machine tool and its application in machining aspherical optical mirrors

The paper presents the design of a six-axis machining system and its application in fabricating large off-axis aspherical mirrors with sub-aperture lapping techniques. The new system is based on computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS), which combines the faculties of grinding, polishing, and on-machine profile measuring, has the features of conventional loose abrasive machining with the characteristics of a tool having multiple degrees of freedom moving in planar model. And a novel dual touch-trigger probe profiler is designed, which is composed of a probe, model METRO-MT60 made by HEIDENHAIN Co., is integrated into the system for measuring the shape accuracy of the tested aspherical surface, another probe modeled METRO-MT12 is designed as a calibrating device for minimizing the cosine error caused by assembly inaccuracy. The new CNC machining system with two kinds of moving coordinate systems, dual tool activities and on-machine measuring is presently developed based on the new concept. The general material removal function during machining is analyzed on the basis of the Preston hypothesis. Further, an alignment test of the measuring profiler is carried out using a leveling rule as a specimen. The accuracy of the optical surfaces measured by the dual probe profiler is found to be within 1 μm PV after removing cosine error and error compensating, achieves to the resolving power of the profiler is about 0.2–0.5 μm, so the developed system can be applied to the shape accuracy measuring of aspheric fabrication with micro precision during fine grinding process according to the calibrating results. Finally, the manufacturing experiments are carried out by virtue of an off-axis oblate ellipsoid mirror with rectangular aperture as 770 mm×210 mm and centered 127 mm. The accuracy of the aspherical mirror improved from the initial form error of 17.648 μm rms to the final one of 0.728 μm rms after grinding for 200 h.     

A matrix model for the flow of control in prolog programs with applications to profiling

In Prolog the flow of control is relatively complex; four counts (which we call currents)—call, fail, succeed and redo—and two intrinsic properties—the failure and the ‘alternative’ probabilities—can be associated with every literal in a clause body. In this work we describe a new matrix model where those currents and properties are related at the literal, clause and predicate definition levels. This model is useful for predicate classification, execution profiling and program debugging. The application to profilers is discussed in detail.     

河流截面流量与速度水位关系的拟合研究

基于声学多普勒流速剖面仪测得的不同水位河流截面的平均流速,研究了走航式宽带声学多普勒流量测量系统中,流量与速度水位关系的拟合表达式。采用窄深矩形截面和梯形截面流速分布模型,结合声学多普勒流速剖面仪求得不同水位下的平均流速值,在MATLAB平台下,对两种不同截面中流量与速度水位关系进行了拟合,并求得均方根误差检验拟合的精度。仿真结果表明:通过走航式宽带声学多普勒流量测量算法求得的河流截面流量,与由流速分布模型求得的流量真值间的误差,满足单次流量测验允许的误差要求,表明给出的流量与速度水位关系拟合公式能够较好地表现河流截面的流量变化趋势。对于天然明渠流量推算具有重要的参考价值。     

数字光学轮廓仪中相位去包裹算法研究

相位扫描干涉度量术的广泛应用推动了去包裹算法的发展。在多种算法中,用于数字光学轮廓仪的相位去包裹算法必须具有较高的普遍适用性,而且必须兼顾健壮性与效率。本文对传统算法和最小二乘算法这两种典型去包裹算法进行了比较研究,并在自行研制的数字光学轮廓仪上进行了验证。     

Profile measurement of concave spherical mirror and a flat mirror using a high-speed nanoprofiler

Ultraprecise aspheric mirrors that offer nanofocusing and high coherence are indispensable for developing third-generation synchrotron radiation and X-ray free-electron laser sources. In industry, the extreme ultraviolet (wavelength: 13.5 nm) lithography used for high-accuracy aspheric mirrors is a promising technology for fabricating semiconductor devices. In addition, ultraprecise mirrors with a radius of curvature of less than 10 mm are needed in many digital video instruments. We developed a new type of nanoprofiler that traces the normal vector of a mirror''s surface. The principle of our measuring method is that the normal vector at each point on the surface is determined by making the incident light beam on the mirror surface and the reflected beam at that point coincide, using two sets of two pairs of goniometers and one linear stage. From the acquired normal vectors and their coordinates, the three-dimensional shape is calculated by a reconstruction algorithm. The characteristics of the measuring method are as follows: the profiler uses the straightness of laser light without using a reference surface. Surfaces of any shape can be measured, and there is no limit on the aperture size. We calibrated this nanoprofiler by considering the system error resulting from the assembly error and encoder scale error, and evaluated the performance at the nanometer scale. We suppressed the effect of random errors by maintaining the temperature in a constant-temperature room within ±0.01°C. We measured a concave spherical mirror with a radius of curvature of 400 mm and a flat mirror and compared the results with those obtained using a Fizeau interferometer. The profiles of the mirrors were consistent within the range of system errors.     

声学多普勒流速仪盲区数据处理及其在长江河口区的应用

本文基于边界层理论，在估算声学多普勒流速仪（Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler，简称ADCP）水表和底部的观测盲区流速作了初步探索。根据长江口南港定点观测获取的ADCP潮周期流速剖面数据的分析结果，在涨急和落急阶段整个水层均为边界层，流速剖面呈对数分布。因此，利用卡门-普朗特公式外插，计算ADCP盲区的流速，与在盲区放置的直读式流速仪测得的数据相比，平均相对误差分别为2.3%～2.9%。某些数据点的偏离可能是由于悬沙浓度分布的变化而引起的。     

相控阵ADCP编码信号相移波束形成

相对于活塞式声学多普勒流速剖面仪,相控阵声学多普勒流速剖面仪的换能器体积大大缩小,并且依托相控阵本身的物理特性,无需进行声速补偿。利用窄带相控阵声学多普勒流速剖面仪系统进行编码信号的发射与接收,从而提高相控阵声学多普勒流速剖面仪的设备性能。首先介绍了相控阵ADCP的波束形成方法,然后分别介绍了相控阵的相移波束形成和时延波束形成原理,对编码信号相移相控波束形成情况下,相控阵发射和接收信号波束开角进行了对比,并对作用距离、测量精度、系统复杂度等系统性能进行了分析。分析结果表明:窄带相控阵声学多普勒流速剖面仪可以进行编码信号的发射和接收,能够提高系统的空间分辨率和测量精度,从而提高相控阵声学多普勒流速剖面仪的性能。     

基于GC-MS和MassHunter统计方法的芝麻油掺伪识别

目的提出了一种用于芝麻油掺伪识别的新方法。方法为实现芝麻油中掺伪的识别,对掺入不同比例的大豆油、玉米油、棕榈油的芝麻油的40个样品进行近红外分析,并且基于主成分分析对掺入油进行识别;应用固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用仪(SPME-GC/MS)和Mass Hunter软件,对于玉米油掺伪芝麻油的风味质谱数据进行了研究。结果 Mass Hunter解卷积软件和Agilent Mass Profiler Professional数据统计软件更加灵敏地从复杂包埋的目标物剖析分离得到了独特的标记物。倍率变化(FC=5)分析和ANOVA(P=0.05)分析的结果以火山曲线表示,确定区分芝麻油和玉米油的独特特征标记物。基于此独特的标记物,通过主成分分析,可对纯芝麻油和掺伪芝麻油进行分类。结论试验证明通过统计分析风味质谱数据寻找特征标记物可解决芝麻油掺伪的识别问题。