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当今世界各国执行的商品天然气定价原则主要包括完全成本原则、平均利润原则、长期边际成本定价原则、比价合理原则和供求平衡原则等。文章分析了我国天然气价格的演变历史及现状，说明了现行价格形成的制度原因。研究了天然气商品从生产到运输再到销售各环节的价格确定方法，以此为基础给出了一个即考虑天然气商品价值又考虑竞争和政府管制因素的天然气商品的定价公式。文章最后指出，在真正的、完全竞争的天然气市场建立之前，商品天然气的价格主要应按完全成本原则进行确定。     

Value management and common accounting performance measures for corporations

Management is aware that the value of firms is the ultimate measure of company performance. However, management has been using common accounting measures as an operating guide because the linkage between operational planning and value is vague and complex and, therefore, difficult to apply. Managers need to have clear targets and performance measures to track progress. This paper examines if a set of common accounting performance measures are linked tightly to the overall value of the firm. An abductive learning network (ALN) approach, an artificial intelligence technique, is used in this research because an ALN approach is non-parametric and can capture a subtle dynamic relationship between input and output variables, which is not obvious in linear statistical analysis. Empirical results show that an ALN model is very effective in synthesizing the value of the firm using six common accounting variables. The results also provide four strategic variables that can be used for devising strategic and operating plans to maximize the value of firms.     

实行工程预决算审计 严格控制投资成本

针对目前企业固定资产投资中存在的投资超概算问题 ,论述了实行工程预决算审计的必要性 ,结合江西铜业股份有限公司的实践阐明了如何实行工程预决算审计 ,以达到提高投资效益的目的。     

营利性医疗机构与非营利性医疗机构的关系

对营利性医疗机构与非营利性医疗机构两者之间的同一性问题,从主导地位与组 成部分和相互促进、相互转化三个方面进行了探讨。     

Nodal ant colony optimization for solving profit based unit commitment problem for GENCOs

This paper proposes a nodal ant colony optimization (NACO) technique to solve profit based unit commitment problem (PBUCP). Generation companies (GENCOs) in a competitive restructured power market, schedule their generators with an objective to maximize their own profit without any regard for system social benefit. Power and reserve prices become important factors in decision process. Ant colony optimization that mimics the behavior of ants foraging activities is suitably implemented to search the UCP search space. Here a search space consisting of optimal combination of binary nodes for unit ON/OFF status is represented for the movement of the ants to maintain good exploration and exploitation search capabilities. The proposed model help GENCOs to make decisions on the quantity of power and reserve that must be put up for sale in the markets and also to schedule generators in order to receive the maximum profit. The effectiveness of the proposed technique for PBUCP is validated on 10 and 36 generating unit systems available in the literature. NACO yields an increase of profit, greater than 1.5%, in comparison with the basic ACO, Muller method and hybrid LR-GA.     

农田资源优化分配的计算机仿真

对于既定面积的农田资源,为使所产作物较能针对市场需求,并使种植经济效益最大化,需合理分配不同作物的种植面积.通过分析不同作物的种植成本,存贮成本,结合作物的收成与销售价格,获得各作物的种植经济效益对于种植面积的非线性关系,建立相应的计算机仿真数学模型.为了有效预测来年的作物收成和销售价格,简化假定来年的种植计划不影响来年的销售价格,根据往年的统计数据得到有关的预测数据.对资源分配问题用遗传算法进行优化求解,得到使净收益最大化的种植田亩分配方案结果.分析结论表明,最大经济效益对应的种植面积分配方案有一定的选择范围,更合理的种植面积分配方案必须面向市场需求.     

Cooperation and profit allocation in two-echelon logistics joint distribution network optimization

Collaborative two-echelon logistics joint distribution network can be organized through a negotiation process via logistics service providers or participants existing in the logistics system, which can effectively reduce the crisscross transportation phenomenon and improve the efficiency of the urban freight transportation system. This study establishes a linear optimization model to minimize the total cost of two-echelon logistics joint distribution network. An improved ant colony optimization algorithm integrated with genetic algorithm is presented to serve customer clustering units and resolve the model formulation by assigning logistics facilities. A two-dimensional colony encoding method is adopted to generate the initial ant colonies. Improved ant colony optimization combines the merits of ant colony optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm with both global and local search capabilities. Finally, an improved Shapley value model based on cooperative game theory and a cooperative mechanism strategy are presented to obtain the optimal profit allocation scheme and sequential coalitions respectively in two-echelon logistics joint distribution network. An empirical study in Guiyang City, China, reveals that the improved ant colony optimization algorithm is superior to the other three methods in terms of the total cost. The improved Shapley value model and monotonic path selection strategy are applied to calculate the best sequential coalition selection strategy. The proposed cooperation and profit allocation approaches provide an effective paradigm for logistics companies to share benefit, achieve win–win situations through the horizontal cooperation, and improve the negotiation power for logistics network optimization.     

面向DTN无线传感网移动节点的动态资源调度模型的研究

资源调度是无线传感网络中移动节点的核心和富有挑战性的问题。如何提高移动节点资源使用率并取得最大利润是服务商的最终目标。通过非强占优先权排队G/G/1模型,满足不同等级数据QoS,利用线性分段函数使系统成本最小。进而基于成本函数和收益函数模型,求出不同级别信号动态分配比例,从而得出用户与服务商都满意的结果。结果表明,动态资源调度系统,不仅能够保证不同级别数据的QoS要求,也可使服务提供商的利润最大化。     

模型预测控制在锅炉控制系统中的应用

针对辽宁华锦热电厂锅炉实际系统,引入模型预测控制策略,优化了控制量.并且采用霍尼韦尔PKS系统中先进的Profit Loop控制器,实现锅炉主蒸汽压力的模型预测控制,使主蒸汽压力稳定,执行机构变化平稳,达到了现场工艺要求,取得了良好的控制效果.     

企业绩效管理在CIMS系统设计中的研究与应用

信息化是企业提升和保持竞争力的重要手段，但怎样才能与企业的各种价值活动真正地结合起来，为企业的生产和管理带来效益，这是所有企业一直非常关心的问题。针对石化炼化企业的生产、管理工作中的各种价值活动，引入企业绩效管理系统，使企业管理变革与CIMS系统相结合，探索企业战略信息系统建设的新途径和新方法，达到增强企业竞争力，促进企业赢利的目的。