测量系统R&R分析评述

本文评述测量的重复性和再现性(R&R)分析。详细介绍了R&R 分析的统计方法和关键点。还介绍了R&R 分析方法的优点和缺点。     

Validity of self-reporting and video-recording for measuring knee-straining work postures

The aim of this study was to compare the validity of self-reporting and video-recording as methods of measuring the duration of knee-straining work postures, and to evaluate the reproducibility of timings of the video-recordings. Thirty-nine carpenters and 33 floorlayers were video-filmed while working, and were asked immediately afterwards to quantify the amount of time spent in knee-straining positions. The investigators recorded the periods of knee-straining work with a stopwatch during playback of the video-film, and the agreement between the two investigators' measurements was studied in 13 pairs of measurements. The video observation method was very effective for timing knee-strain work. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation coefficient (0.88) indicated a good association between observed and self-reported knee-straining work. Estimation of self-reported kneestraining work collected by interview showed good correlation with measurements of video-recordings. When judging the repeatability of timings of kneestraining work from the video-recordings, a high level of agreement was seen between the two observers in the 13 dual measurements of time spent in knee-straining work positions.     

解决原子吸收石墨炉法重复性差问题的探讨

结合多年实际应用原子吸收石墨炉法检测的工作体会,总结出引起石墨炉法检测重复性差的5个方面的原因,包括:元素谱图、石墨管、升温程序、进样针、样品的前处理,并提出解决办法,以此供相关工作者交流探讨。     

Agreement and repeatability of four different devices to measure non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT)

PurposeSince tear film stability can be affected by fluorescein, the Dry Eye Workshop (DEWSII) recommended non-invasive measurement of tear breakup time (NIBUT). The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement and repeatability of four different instruments in the measurement of NIBUT.Methods72 participants (mean 24.2 ± 3.6 years) were recruited for this multi-centre, cross-sectional study. NIBUT was measured three times from one eye using each of the instruments in randomized order on two separate sessions during a day, separated by at least 2 h. NIBUT was performed at three sites (Switzerland, Germany and UK) using three subjective instruments, Tearscope Plus (Keeler, Windsor, UK) (TS), Polaris (bon Optic, Lübeck, Germany) (POL), EasyTear Viewplus (Easytear, Rovereto, Italy) (ET) and the objective Keratograph 5 M (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) (KER). As the latter instrument only analyses for 24 s, all data was capped at this value.ResultsNIBUT measurements (average of both sessions) between the four instruments were not statistically significantly different: TS (median 10.4, range 2.0–24.0 s), POL (10.1, 1.0–24.0 s), ET (10.6, 1.0–24.0 s) and KER (11.1, 2.6–24.0 s) (p = 0.949). The objective KER measures were on average (1.2 s ± 9.6 s, 95 % confidence interval) greater than the subjective evaluations of NIBUT with the other instruments (mean difference 0.4 s ± 7.7 s, 95 % confidence interval), resulting in a higher limits of agreement. The slope was -0.08 to 0.11 indicating no bias in the difference between instruments with the magnitude of the NIBUT. Repeated measurements from the two sessions were not significantly different for TS (p = 0.584), POL (p = 0.549), ET (p = 0.701) or KER (p = 0.261).ConclusionsThe four instruments evaluated for their measurement of tear stability were reasonably repeatable and give similar average results.     

过程控制中传感器静态性能指标的标准化研究

本文从标准化研究工作角度对目前过程控制中传感器重复性和线性度及总精度指标的确定中比较常见的几种方法进行了情况分析,指出从标准的角度提高过程控制中传感器重复性和线性度及总精度性能指标的科学合理的措施,进一步说明了标准的重要性。     

Repeatability and Reproducibility techniques for the analysis of measurement systems

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing two of the main metrological characteristics of any measurement system: Repeatability and Reproducibility. Both of these features play an important role in the analysis of the measurements and they can give us a lot of information about who and what influences any measuring system. The analysis of Repeatability and Reproducibility is generally carried out through the use of the study Gage R&R. This study permits to understand which are the decisive factors in a measurement system, and, definitively, if the process is stable, that is under statistical control or out of statistical control.     

软件测试自动化技术应用研究

为了保证系统的质量,提高软件测试的效率,在软件开发过程中,通过设计测试用例对系统进行相应的自动化测试,从而确定系统的不足以及需要改进的地方,降低编写和维护测试的开销,提高软件质量。文中通过对软件自动化测试的相关技术和应用的详细介绍,总结了软件测试自动化的特点和标准。针对软件自动化测试的不同环节中自动化测试工具及自动化测试方法的选择,将软件自动化测试划分为5个级别,验证了软件自动化测试的有效性和可重复性。     

柔性夹具在多工序精密零件加工中的应用

多工序精密零件的加工难点在于形位公差的控制,采用柔性夹具安装,可以有效减少加工工时,保证加工精度,并节省添置加工中心等高精度设备的费用,降低生产成本。