Metal hydride actuator for a rescue jack driven by hydrogen desorption

This paper presents a metal hydride (MH) actuator rescue jack that uses hydrogen-absorbing alloy as its pressure source. The MH actuator is attached to a thin and flexible fiber-reinforced rubber bag end effector, enabling it to pry open narrow and rough gaps. The proposed MH rescue jack was prepared with different amounts of alloy (6–15 g). The results showed that, with only 6 g of alloy, the rescue jack was able to jack up a 100 kg weight to a height of 10 mm within 1 min by heating the alloy container to 50 °C. Moreover, the jack-up speed increased as the amount of alloy increased. A mathematical model was derived from the jack-up operation tests to estimate the jack-up height, with the aim of designing appropriate amounts of hydrogen-absorbing alloys for rescue jack development. According to the experimental results, the response of the jack-up height was modeled as a first order system in time domain. The model was defined as a function of alloy amount, and its validity was assessed by comparing the experimental and simulation results. The results were in good agreement which confirmed the potential of the proposed model as a design tool for jacks from the viewpoint of time constant.     

A Lagrangian model for tracking surface spills and SaR operations in the ocean

An operational model for tracking surface objects in the ocean is presented. Contrary to most of traditional Lagrangian Particle Tracking Algorithms, the presented approach computes the probability density function from the final position of a set of neutrally buoyant particles deployed in the flow providing the area of accumulated probability. The model departs from daily predictions of ocean surface currents, winds and waves provided by an Operational Forecasting System, and integrates the Eulerian velocities to obtain the trajectory of each particle forward in time. A random walk term is added to simulate numerical diffusivity. Several tests are performed in order to determine the optimal numerical scheme as well as the computational time step. To show the performance of the model we simulate the trajectories of a set of SVP-drifters deployed in the Balearic Sea. For these experiments, the final position of the drifters laid within the modeled contour of 50% of accumulated probability for the first 24 h forecast.     

内部市场化视角下神东救护消防大队运营模式创新研究

企业内部市场化作为一种新型的经营管理模式,通过引入外部市场机制,充分调动各部门及员工的积极性,提高企业运营效率。文章在神东救护消防大队运营现状分析的基础上,提出从市场主体、价格体系、结算体系等方构建适用于神东救护消防大队内部市场化运营机制,并对该模式下的运营效益进行了分析,研究表明：内部市场化模式可有效改变神东救护消防大队的运营现状和困境,提高运营效率,具有良好的市场发展前景。     

电梯直接入户与应急救援的问题及建议

对目前房地产市场上常见的“电梯直接入户”户型,提出电梯应急救援时碰到的问题．给出问题的解决方法及对未来该类户型设计的建议。     

运用正确的通风手段处理火灾事故

矿山救护队是处理矿井灾害事故的一支专业化的队伍,当矿井发生事故时,救护队必须以第一时间进行抢险救援,该文阐述了矿山救护队在处理事故时,如何采取正确的通风手段,既可以保证救援人员的安全,又可以抢救遇险人员,减少国家财产损失和人员伤亡的重要性。     

Cooperative path planning with priority target assignment and collision avoidance guidance for rescue unmanned surface vehicles in a complex ocean environment

In this paper, a novel cooperative path planning scheme of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for rescuing targets in a complex ocean environment is proposed. The primary objective of the rescue USVs is to bring all targets back safely on the premise of first rescuing priority targets, while optimizing the path length, the navigation time and the angular energy. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The proposed K-means-division (KMD) algorithm is able to identify a complex ocean environment with collision-free zone and static-obstacles zone; (2) The proposed path planning method with fast-marching-method-based ellipse guidance range (E-FMM) is able to optimize the angular energy while ensuring safety; (3) The proposed cooperative management system (including priority-target-assignment (PTA) with reward-mechanism genetic-optimization (RM-GO) and collision-avoidance (CA) guidance law with Tangent-based surge-varying wave-disturbances-observer (Tangent-SV-WDO)) can accomplish the mission of the rescue USVs. Comparative studies with the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that the proposed cooperative path planning scheme is superior in terms of priority-target-assignment (PTA) and collision-avoidance (CA) of the actual rescue work.     

基于LoRa无线技术的地震应急救援坍塌信息获取

为准确获取到地震坍塌信息,提高救援抗灾能力,提出了基于LoRa无线技术的地震应急救援坍塌信息获取方法。首先分析LoRa无线技术传输系统工作流程,考虑受灾环境多径效应,在LoRa无线系统中使用三边定位锚点,估算坍塌位置节点,得到与实际位置的距离间隔;其次选用三轴高分辨率加速度传感器作为信息获取模块,以无线振动的形式完成信息采集,建立信息获取性能评估函数,提高获取性能,并对获取到的信息幅值采用相位差值算法较正,对得到的坍塌信号频率及相位完成修正,确保可准确的得到受灾区域相关信息数值;最后通过与支持向量机对比获取到的信息数量与准确率、地震区域坍塌类型、及加入其它地形作为干扰因素进行仿真,仿真结果显示,所提方法具有更高的准确率与稳定性。     

核辐射突发事件医学应急的现场救援及组织指挥原则

根据核辐射突发事件医学应急现场救援的具体任务和需要的处置力量,将其分为小规模核辐射突发事件、中等规模核辐射突发事件和大规模核辐射突发事件,并具体分析了各自的特点、危害、现场医学救援的任务和技术力量。重点针对＂脏弹＂恐怖袭击,介绍了现场医学救援的主要任务,以及污染控制和伤员救治的技术流程。为更好地执行核辐射事故现场医学救援任务,总结并提出了组织指挥中应该注意的几个原则,包括快速反应原则、剂量限值原则、防护最优化原则、权衡利弊原则,以及辐射监测、去污控污、伤员救治等核心任务的全流程贯穿原则等。     

救助打捞装备现状与发展

救助打捞是国家应急保障体系的重要组成部分,承担着我国海上人命、财产、环境救助、沉船沉物打捞及其他对海上运输和海上资源开发提供安全保障等多项任务。加强救助打捞装备技术研究,是提高救助打捞综合能力的根本,是国家发展战略的重要构成。救助打捞装备专业性强,具有在高海况和大深度条件下工作可靠的适应性特点,同时又是诸多陆上装备向海上和水下发展的延伸,存在相通之处。救助打捞装备交叉机械、电气、流体、微电子、材料等多学科,其关键共性技术又不仅仅局限于救助打捞领域,在海上运输、海洋油气开发、海洋勘探、军事等领域均有应用。以救助船舶、救助飞机、海上搜寻装备、溢油处置装备等代表性的救助装备和打捞工程船、攻千斤装备、水下作业装备、饱和潜水装备、起浮装备等代表性的打捞装备为对象,分析该领域国内外发展现状和趋势,提出救助打捞装备面临的关键技术问题,为我国救助打捞装备的发展战略研究提供参考。     

最佳路径分析在巷道网络中的应用研究

 GIS极大地促进了数字矿山的发展,如何将GIS强大的空间分析功能应用到矿山中是一个亟待解决的问题。在分析矿山巷道网络元素与路径分析算法的基础上,本文给出了三种最佳路径分析模型及其具体的算法步骤。在Windows XP环境下,利用VC++实现所提出的最佳路径分析方法,并应用具体实验数据进行了验证。